This paper delves into the intricate challenges encountered by Tanzania in effectively implementing East African Community (EAC) Common Market Protocol (CMP) pertaining to seamless movement of goods Kenya. The research adopts a case study design, employing qualitative and in-depth methods gather data. data collection process utilizes purposeful sampling technique involving 30 participants, them...

Hayakawa, Kazunobu—How serious is the omission of bilateral tariff rates in gravity? This paper presents a constructed dataset of worldwide bilateral tariff rates to explore the seriousness of omitting bilateral tariff rates from gravity equations. Results indicate, first, that omitting bilateral tariff rates presents no serious issue related to the omitted variable bias because coefficients fo...

For many services, consumers can choose among a range of optional tariffs that differ in their access and usage prices. Recent studies indicate that tariff-specific preferences may lead consumers to choose a tariff that does not minimize their expected billing rate. This study analyzes how tariff-specific preferences influence the responsiveness of consumers’ usage and tariff choice to changes ...

This paper provides a welfare comparison of a tariff with a combination of a production subsidy to, and a commodity tax on, an import-competing commodity in a two-country economy. We treat some plausible situations of industry protection, including where the initial tariff is above the optimal tariff, where a certain output level of a tariff-imposed commodity must be maintained, and where there...

The Department of Health and Social Care (UK) provides funding to support clinical placements for healthcare students in England through their education training tariff, which is administered by Education (HEE). From September 2022, undergraduate pharmacy became eligible this experiential learning. Development quality, feasible learning within the context tariff proved challenging both higher i...

During the last years, significant changes happened in seasonal river hydrology Europe due to climate change. Nevertheless, according presented analysis, total water runoff for hydropower generation did not The fact is an important policy implication small promotion Ukraine because it belongs that region and has similar conditions. Having analysed potential, paper describes main advantages limi...

T his paper investigates the heterogeneous reaction of Iranian exporters to the tariff rate changes, how export prices are influenced differently by the increase or decrease in foreign importers’ tariff rate. Using the Iranian transaction level export data and firm level data during the period 2002-2015, we find that tariff pass through for Iranian firms are incomplete and exporters ...

Due to timely process of WTO negotiations, unwillingness of advanced industrial countries to give concessions to developing economies regarding tariff and non-tariff barriers on agricultural commodity imports, the ongoing initiatives in Northern hemisphere to establish new and wider free trading areas which will divert trade out of the market from Asian countries, and ineffectiveness of deepeni...