To discriminate the feasible differences and find potential similarities and relationships of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), this work was accomplished by a comprehensive and reliable method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) to analyze the volatile oils and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) simultaneously to determine the contents of five bioactive flavonoids,...

The effects of several naturally occurring and synthetic flavonoids on the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and aflatoxin B1 were evaluated. Addition of apigenin, chrysin, fisetin, flavonone, galangin, hesperitin, kaempferol, morin, myricetin, haringenin, or quercetin to human liver microsomes inhibited the hydroxylation of benzo(a)pyrene. In contrast to these results, the addition of flavone, nobi...

Accumulating evidence suggests a crucial role for the unfolded protein response (UPR) in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the relevance of the UPR in a mouse model of chronic MPTP/probenecid (MPTP/P) injection, which causes severe and persistent degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Enhanced activation of the UPR branches, including ATF6α and PERK/eIF2α/ATF4, was observe...

Florida is the main producer of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) in the world. Grapefruit provide not only the traditional nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals), but also phytochemicals such as fl avonoids, which are not essential for life, but may provide many health benefi ts. Flavanones are the dominant fl avonoids, and account for about 98% of the total fl avonoids in gr...

Flavonoids are natural polyphenols that are widely found in plants. The effects of flavonoids on obesity and numerous diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's have been well studied. However, little is known about the relationships between flavonoids and the circadian clock. In this study, we show that continuous or transient application of flavonoids to the culture medium of embryoni...

A rapid resolution liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (RRLC-ESI-MS(n)) method has been firstly developed and validated for simultaneous determination of six bioactive flavonoids in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP). The antiproliferative activities of the six flavonoids in CRP, namely naringin, hesperidin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone, tan...