How do online social networks affect political tolerance in the highly polarized climate of post-coup Egypt? Taking advantage of the real-time networked structure of Twitter data, we find that greater network diversity is not only associated with lower levels of intolerance, but that spending an additional year in a diverse network results in a significant decrease in the use of intolerant rhet...

As COVID-19 spread worldwide, armed groups in control of territory were called to address the health emergency. However, our knowledge this regard is limited. Specifically, it remains poorly understood why different responded crisis differently. Recognizing lacuna, paper aims illuminate responses that throughout Middle East implemented order and explain pandemic as they did. After studying thre...