The surface layer machined after electrical discharge machining (EDM) is different from it traditional methods, and studying the structure by this method will contribute significantly to selection of finishing methods. In study, SKD61 steel EDM using copper (Cu) electrode was analyzed. Technological parameters including current (Ie), pulse on time (Ton), off (Tof), voltage (Ue) were used in stu...

Particle size distribution (size-range 3–900 nm) and PM10 was measured simultaneously at an urban background station in Copenhagen, a near-city background and a rural location during a period in September–November 2002. The study investigates the contribution from urban versus regional sources of particle number and mass concentration. The total particle number (ToN) and NOx are well correlated...

Increasing trends in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes and streams across Europe and North America have been reported. The widespread occurrence of these phenomena indicates large-scale causes, e.g. enhanced decomposition of organic soils, changes in hydrology or decreased acid deposition. The Simojoki River basin (3160 km) is located in the Northern Boreal Zone where human...

South America is responsible for about half of the cassava world production. In the 1970's productivity of the crop on the continent was about 15 ton/ha, and dropped continuously until reaching 12 ton/ha in 2004. India's productivity of cassava increased from 10 ton/ha in the 1970's to 28 ton/ha in 2004. Brazil contributed significantly to improving cassava crops through the Instituto Agronômic...

It is generally presumed that penetrating injuries of the orbit are associated with direct optic nerve injury. The incidence of TON after craniofacial trauma has been reported to be 0.5-1.5 % in older series. However, recent surveys report a higher figure; 2-5 % . This increased incidence may represent the diagnosis of subtle forms of TON closer to the time of injury. These types of cases appea...

The benefit per ton ($/ton) of reducing PM(2.5) varies by the location of the emission reduction, the type of source emitting the precursor, and the specific precursor controlled. This paper examines how each of these factors influences the magnitude of the $/ton estimate. We employ a reduced-form air quality model to predict changes in ambient PM(2.5) resulting from an array of emission contro...

Maritime transportation is a major source of climate change and air pollution. Shipping emissions cause severe impacts on health and environment. These effects of emissions are emerged especially in territorial waters, inland seas, canals, straits, bays, and port regions. In this paper, exhaust gas emissions from ships in Izmir Port, which is one of the main ports in Turkey, are calculated by t...