Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by normal circulating thyroid hormone levels with super-normal TSH concentrations in absence of clinical manifestations. In majority of subjects, an etiologic factor is often identified. Moreover, therapy with levothyroxine normalizes serum TSH concentration while maintaining normal thyroid hormone concentrations. However, the exact pathop...

Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and free triiodothyronine (T3) levels illustrate the thyroid function set point, but the interrelations between these have never been characterized in detail. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between TSH and thyroid hormone levels in healthy euthyroid twins and to determine the extent to which the same genes influence more than ...

Thyroid hormone concentrations only become sufficient to maintain a euthyroid state through appropriate stimulation by pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). In such a dynamic system under constant high pressure, guarding against overstimulation becomes vital. Therefore, several defensive mechanisms protect against accidental overstimulation, such as plasma protein binding, conversion of ...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether anti-rK39 antibodies were diagnostic markers for visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and to evaluate the correlation between age and gender in disease occurrence in Iraqi patients. In addition, it aimed to evaluate the correlation between thyroid hormones, i.e., thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) and anti-r...

Studies show that physical inactivity can influence functions of body glands. The main aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical inactivity on thyroid glandfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and immobilized (8h/days for 8 days) animals of 10 in each group. After 8 days, blood samples were collected using cardiac puncture method. Following seru...

Currently, the position of the American Thyroid Association is that hypothyroidism causes symptoms of metabolic slowing due to inadequate production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland; it is diagnosed by a lab result of a high thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level. While hypothyroidism is considered a chronic, incurable condition, the symptoms typically can be controlled by ingestion of ...

CONTEXT Levothyroxine monotherapy is the treatment of choice for hypothyroid patients because peripheral T4 to T3 conversion is believed to account for the overall tissue requirement for thyroid hormones. However, there are indirect evidences that this may not be the case in all patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate in a large series of athyreotic patients whether levothyroxine monotherapy can norm...

Thyroid hormones (THs) are key regulators of metabolism. The thyroid gland produces both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T4 is the main product and is converted in the periphery via deiodination to T3 which is the main biologically active TH. The production of THs is regulated by thyrotrophin (TSH) in response to TSH releasing hormone (TRH). This, in turn, is regulated by a negative f...