Decenylsuccinic acid induces resistance to desiccation, cold, and frost in young bean plants. When decenylsuccinic acid is sprayed on flowering peach, apple, and pear trees, most of the flowers are resistant to a frost of -6 degrees C.

Winter wheat requires a period of low temperatures to accelerate flowering (vernalization). This requirement could make winter wheat more vulnerable to elevated global temperature via insufficient vernalization. All known vernalization genes are cloned according to qualitative variation in vernalization requirement between spring and winter wheat, but the genes controlling quantitative variatio...

Low temperature is an important environmental factor influencing plant growth and development. In this study, we report the characterization of a genetic locus, HOS2, which is defined by three Arabidopsis thaliana mutants. The hos2-1, hos2-2 and hos2-3 mutations result in enhanced expression of RD29A and other stress genes under low temperature treatment. Gene expression in response to osmotic ...

Background Dependence of blood T2 on O2 saturation has led to noninvasive MRI-based techniques for determining venous O2 saturation (SvO2) [1-3]. However, applying a general calibration factor derived from in vitro experiments can lead to inaccurate and largely varying SvO2 estimates in the target population. We aim to show that based on the Luz-Meiboom relation 1/T2 = 1/T2o + Hct(1-Hct) τex [(...

The Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene is a key floral repressor in the maintenance of a vernalization response. In vernalization-sensitive genetic backgrounds, FLC levels are high, and they decline after exposure to long cold periods. Four FLC paralogs (MAF2 [MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2] to MAF5) are arranged in a tandem array on the bottom of Arabidopsis chromosome V. We used a reverse ge...

Plants have evolved many systems to sense their environment and to modify their growth and development accordingly. One example is vernalization, the process by which flowering is promoted as plants sense exposure to the cold temperatures of winter. A requirement for vernalization is an adaptive trait that helps prevent flowering before winter and permits flowering in the favorable conditions o...

In temperate cereals, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), the transition to reproductive development can be accelerated by prolonged exposure to cold (vernalization). We examined the role of the grass-specific MADS box gene ODDSOC2 (OS2) in the vernalization response in cereals. The barley OS2 gene (HvOS2) is expressed in leaves and shoot apices but is repressed by v...

Diverse seasonal flowering behaviors drive global adaption of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), the major crop grown in temperate zones worldwide. Many wheats are sown in autumn and flower only after experiencing the prolonged cold of winter (vernalization). By delaying flowering until spring, the requirement for vernalization minimizes the risk that frost-sensitive flowers and developing grain ...