CD4⁺T cells are crucial in achieving a regulated effective immune response to pathogens. Naive CD4⁺T cells are activated after interaction with antigen-MHC complex and differentiate into specific subtypes depending mainly on the cytokine milieu of the microenvironment. Besides the classical T-helper 1 and T-helper 2, other subsets have been identified, including T-helper 17, regulatory T cell, ...

T Helper-17 Differentiation and Function In the past decade, increasing attention has been focused on a subset of CD4 T cells, commonly known as T helper-17 (Th17) cells, which on differentiation specializes in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-17, and also others factors, such as IL-21, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-6. IL-17 cytokine family consists of 6 members; amo...

multiple sclerosis (ms) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns) which causes demyelination of the nerve fibers. the etiology of this disease is not well understood but it is believed that t helpers play a central role in ms. numerous findings support the view that th17 cells play an essential role in pathogenesis of ms and il-17 secreting t (th17) cells have a role in infla...

T Helper-17 Differentiation and Function In the past decade, increasing attention has been focused on a subset of CD4 T cells, commonly known as T helper-17 (Th17) cells, which on differentiation specializes in the secretion of interleukin (IL)-17, and also others factors, such as IL-21, granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-6. IL-17 cytokine family consists of 6 members; amo...

Patients treated with the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus (FK506), which binds FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12) and then inhibits the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin, exhibit decreased regulatory T cells, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension; however, the mechanisms and whether altered T-cell polarization play a role are unknown. Tacrolimus treatment of mice for 1 week dose-de...