In induction of systemic and mucosal immunity, particulate antigens are more effective than soluble antigens possibly because they are more efficiently endocytosed by mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) M cells. In this study, we determined the systemic and mucosal immune responses in rabbits following intranasal immunization of tetanus toxoid TT and CpG-ODN encapsulated within PLGA nanos...

In induction of systemic and mucosal immunity, particulate antigens are more effective than soluble antigens possibly because they are more efficiently endocytosed by mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) M cells. In this study, we determined the systemic and mucosal immune responses in rabbits following intranasal immunization of tetanus toxoid TT and CpG-ODN encapsulated within PLGA nanos...

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a worldwide problem. One potential alternative for bacterial control is photodynamic therapy. 5-aminolevulinic acid is a natural precursor of the photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX. Relatively little is known about the antibacterial efficacy of photodynamic therapy using the systemic administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid; a few reports have shown ...

The aim of this study is the comprehensive (pre-operative, operative and post-operative) evaluation of the use of antibacterial drugs on a group of patients subjected to orthopaedical surgery. The data regarding 1000 orthopaedic surgical operations, corresponding to 1000 non-urgent patients, have been examined. This study reveals the incongruity in the use of antibacterial drugs in the orthopae...

"Nubiotics" are a novel class of proprietary protonated nucleic acid-based drugs shown to have potent in vitro antibacterial activities against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These nubiotics are evaluated here for their in vivo therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of burn wound infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. To achieve this, a burn wound infection model was...

Drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) can improve infection treatment by ensuring drug concentration at the right place within the therapeutic window. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs are able to enhance drug localization in target site and to sustainably release the entrapped molecule, reducing the secondary effects caused by systemic antibiotic administration. We have loaded auranofin, a go...

      Background: Effects of estrogen on bone metabolism and its protective role on prevention of osteoporosis are well   documented. However, the efficacy of estrogen treatment on bone healing is not well investigated. The drug can be delivered both systemically or locally to the bone with differences in concentrations and side effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lo...

background: to assess the frequency and type of adverse events after influenza vaccination in iranian adults. methods: health care workers in 7 medical centers received the influenza vaccine from october 2006 to february 2007 and fol­lowed by phone regarding symptoms experienced after vaccination. results: of 897 adults who participated in the study, local and systemic reactions were reported b...

recalcitrant gingival erythematous lichen planus lesions comprise a considerable therapeutic problem. this case of chronic desquamative gingivitis in a 25-year-old woman with erosive oral lichen planus was treated with topical and systemic corticosteroid administration, followed by placement of a free gingival graft on right upper quadrant. although recurrence of the lesions was observed follow...