one of the crimes mentioned in the islamic jurisprudence and iranian statute laws as a crime against public security and security of the roads as well as terrifying the public is the crime of in fringement of public security and corruption on the earth. the present paper is an attempt to offer a comprehensive definition of “waging a war and corruption on the earth” from the jurisprudential and ...

Corruption is costly for developing nations’ economies, but scholars and policy makers do not fully understand who bears the cost of corruption. We conduct a field experiment in Malawi to determine the impacts of political connections, socioeconomic status, and shared ethnicity on the degree of corruption a citizen encounters across two contexts – police roadblocks and electricity service offic...

Quite often shadow economy (SE) and corruption are seen as "twins", which need each other or fight against each other and theoretically can be either complements or substitutes. Therefore, the relationship between SE and corruption has been a controversial and polemical issue and in the spotlight of a remarkable collection of economists and social researchers. The main objective of this study ...

Although both the academic and policy communities have attached great importance to measuring corruption, most of the currently available measures are biased and too broad to test theory or guide policy. This article proposes a new composite indicator of grand corruption based on a wide range of elementary indicators. These indicators are derived from a rich qualitative evidence on public procu...

Corruption in health systems is a problem around the world. Prior research consistently shows that corruption is detrimental to population health. Yet public health professionals are slow to address this complicated issue on a global scale. In the editorial entitled “We Need to Talk About Corruption in Health Systems” concern with the general lack of discourse on this topic amongst health profe...

The Impact of Risk Perception and Risk Attitudes on Corrupt Behavior: Evidence from a Petty Corruption Experiment We investigate one possible explanation for observed rates of corrupt behavior namely that individual decision makers who frequently engage in illegal actions may underestimate the overall probability of being caught. This might in particular be true for petty corruption where small...

Scholars universally acknowledge government corruption to be widespread in Africa, yet there is no such agreement on whether office-holding tends to corrupt politicians or corrupt politicians tend to obtain office. Building on the corruption and behavioral economics literatures, we identify behavioral choices that we argue are linked to corruption. We conduct controlled experiments with over 14...

Background: Though there are vigorous efforts made to fight corruption attitude and behavior, in Indonesia the judiciary sector is still characterized by existence of rampant widespread acts crime. For instance, many judges who have been caught being bribed across country. From available data, 19 at Corruption Eradication Commission, 53% those make up Adhoc judges, while remaining 47% career ju...

This paper analyses the anti-corruption activities of 24 transition countries in the period 1999-2002. These activities are divided into omnibus anti-corruption programmes, legislative reform aimed at tackling corruption, and adherence to international anti-corruption conventions. The paper presents a new measure for determining the extent of anti-corruption activity undertaken in these three c...