This chapter traces the diffusion of harm reduction in Europe and around the world. The term ‘harm reduction’ became prominent in the mid-1980s as a response to newly discovered HIV epidemics amongst people who inject drugs in some cities. At this time, many European cities played a key role in the development of innovative interventions such as needle and syringe programmes. The harm reduction...

A simple nonsurgical technique of obtaining fat samples by aspiration from the gluteal prominence was developed by Hirsh in 1960 and has been in use in our Nutrition Clinic at the Mount Sinai Hospital for several years. We have modified it for field use and the analysis of fat-soluble hydrocarbon residues. All the materials which will contain the fat sample to be analyzed are washed with aceton...

The incidence and severity of injection-site lesions has decreased since the development of the Beef Quality Assurance program. The objective was to evaluate the route of administration and the pharmaceutical product on the impact on tenderness, collagen concentration, and lesion occurrence in muscles of chucks and rounds. A total of 144 yearling steers (initial BW = 383 +/- 29.4 kg) were selec...

FABRICATION OF ELECTROSPINNING DEVICE USING MICROCONTROLLER FOR FORMATION OF NANOFIBERS Sriram K 1# , Muruganand S 2# , Balakrishnan P 1# . 1 PhD Research scholar, 2 Assistant Professor, # Department of Electronics and Instrumentation, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore -641046, India __________________________________________________________________________________________ AbstractDesign and fa...

PROBLEM: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) has repeatedly emphasized that parenteral syringes should never be used to prepare or administer oral or enteral products; instead, an oral syringe should always be used. Over the years, this advice has appeared in numerous ISMP newsletters and educational presentations. However, many organizations have still not followed this simple b...

BACKGROUND HIV continues to spread rapidly throughout Vietnam with injection drug use remaining the main risk factor for infection. The extent of pharmacy-based needle and syringe distribution has not previously been measured in Vietnam; this article reports on a pilot study exploring pharmacy-based harm reduction activities in Vietnam's capital, Hanoi. METHODOLOGY Five pharmacies located in ...

Syringe-sharing behaviors among injection drug users (IDUs) are typically based on self-reports and subject to socially desirable responding. We used 3 short tandem repeat (STR) genetic biomarkers to detect sharing in 2,512 syringes exchanged by 315 IDUs in the Baltimore needle exchange program (NEP; 738 person-visits). Demographic characteristics as well as direct and indirect needle-sharing b...

The increasing use of human growth hormone (hGH) treatment has resulted in the introduction of a number of alternative delivery systems to conventional syringe and needle administration. We examined patients' evaluation of a new delivery system, the Kabipen (Kabi-Vitrum). We also assessed the accuracy of hGH delivery by the Kabipen. Of the 77 survey respondents 13 had used only the Kabipen, 14 ...

The use of disposable polystyrene tubes for radioimmunoassay is now widespread. Washing out such tubes before disposal is tedious and time-consuming, especially if they contain dense charcoal or doubleantibody pellets. In this laboratory the simple device described below has much reduced the time and tedium involved in this task. It was constructed in a frew minutes for a cost of a few pence. *...