---The goal of this research was to assess the biodegradability of two synthetic tanning agents (syntans), Phenol condensation product and Nitrogen containing resin using Respirometry. The evaluation involved the analysis of oxygen uptake rate (OUR), profiles by respirometry. The study was conducted with different syntan concentrations of 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 150mg/L and 200mg/L. The oxygen uptake ...

To investigate the characteristics of skin and leather of hairy goats according to their sex and age, 120 goat skins were selected from the western part of Iran. Results indicated that sex and age had significant effects on weight and area of skin and leather. Moreover, sex and age had significant effects on thickness in different parts of skin except the belly. In this regard, the overall mean...

As an alternative to the traditional process based on the use of sulfides, an unhairing process in drum by hydrogen peroxide, named DEPOXO, was developed for the production of high-quality bovine upper leather. A preliminary investigation at laboratory scale has allowed to set out the optimal process conditions, in terms of H2O2 dosage (9 %) and pH (12.5), in order to achieve an effective unhai...

BACKGROUND Approximately 1-3% of the adult population in Europe are allergic to chromium (Cr). A new restriction in Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) based on the ISO 17075 standard has recently been adopted in the EU to limit Cr(VI) in consumer and occupational leather products to < 3 mg/kg. OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of storage conditi...

Natural dyes are widely used in the coloring of food, leather and wood [1]. Traditionally they were the only colorants for textile fibers like wool, silk, cotton and flax. Their use in textiles declined drastically with the introduction of synthetic dyes in 1856 [2-6]. Presently the use of synthetic dyes is estimated at around 10,000,000 tons per annum [7-11]. The manufacture and use of this la...

The development of new tanning agents and new technologies in the leather sector is required to cope with the increasingly higher environmental pressure on the current tanning materials and processes such as tanning with chromium salts. In this paper, the use of titanium wastes (cuttings) resulting from the process of obtaining highly pure titanium (ingots), for the synthesis of new tanning age...

BACKGROUND Chromium (Cr) release from Cr-tanned leather articles is a major cause of Cr contact dermatitis. It has been suggested that Cr(VI) release from leather is not necessarily an intrinsic property of the leather, but is strongly dependent on environmental conditions. OBJECTIVES To test this hypothesis for long-term (8 months) simulated use. MATERIALS AND METHODS The release of total ...

Little is known about the factors affecting leather and skin traits in ostriches. The effect of age on physical skin traits of slaughter ostriches was consequently investigated. Forty skins representing slaughter ages ranging from five to 14 months were selected to represent means of the respective age groups with regard to skin size and slaughter weight. It was evident that leather thickness i...