in 41 ayat of holy quran, it is discussed about child birth, formation of fetus in uterus and also its process. it led to attention of muslim scholars to this topic. they had wide researches and experiments on gynecology, fertility, infertility and childbirth. their findings are considerable even in current era. medical sciences in islamic golden age (contemporaneous with medieval age in the we...

Abstract In Italy all forms of surrogacy are forbidden, whether it be traditional or gestational, commercial altruistic. Act n. 40 19/2/2004, entitled “Rules about medically-assisted reproduction”, introduces a prohibition on employing gametes from donors, and specifically incriminates not only intermediary agencies clinics practising surrogacy, but also the intended parents surrogate mother to...

This article provides an overview of the social and psychological aspects surrounding the surrogacy process including attitudes about surrogacy, perceptions and problems of surrogate mothers and intended/social parents, and questions concerning children resulting from contractual parenting. Review of the literature on contractual parenting reveals a wealth of discussion about the ethical, moral...

Innovation in assisted reproductive technologies together with increased infertility and new family structures are increasing the use of gestational surrogacy as a means to have children. Before, during and after the process, it is necessary to study the psychosocial characteristics of triad members: the gestational surrogate, intended parents, and offspring. Research has indicated positive ada...

The Baby M case 1 has forced us to take sides in the public debate over surrogate motherhood. Last year, advocates of this form of noncoital reproduction praised the New Jersey trial court for supporting the freedom to contract for such "womb renting" services, while critics warned that enforcement of such surrogacy contracts would condone the sale of babies and the exploitation of women as bab...

Abstract When an individual is unable or unwilling to become a parent the natural way, he/she can avail of surrogate mother. Furthermore, when pregnancy takes place in foreign country, practice popularly referred as ‘surrogacy tourism’ ‘birther tourism’, which main topic this research. In contrast existing research most confined medical angle, here we look at how marketing makes surrogacy touri...

Abstract The study summarizes opinions of 7504 representatives the medical community on organizational issues surrogacy programs, rights, and responsibilities their participants. Although Russian lawyers are yet to consolidate in developing legal framework, health professionals think that aspects crucial. Almost all believe surrogate mothers contracting parents should be offered a lawyer before...

Surrogacy is the procreative practice by which a woman gestates an embryo with she has no biological connection for another person, eventually relinquishing child to other party. This involves financial remuneration surrogate mother depending on agreed amount of both parties. The moral issue becomes more known and patronized countries, especially first-world countries. Some countries already le...