Anthropogenic emissions completely overwhelmed natural marine lead (Pb) sources during the past century, predominantly due to leaded petrol usage. Here, based on Pb isotope measurements, we reassess the importance of natural and anthropogenic Pb sources to the tropical North Atlantic following the nearly complete global cessation of leaded petrol use. Significant proportions of up to 30-50% of ...

Community composition of Bacteria in the surface and deep water layers were examined at three oceanic sites in the Pacific Ocean separated by great distance, i.e., the South China Sea (SCS) in the western tropical Pacific, the Costa Rica Dome (CRD) in the eastern tropical Pacific and the western subarctic North Pacific (SNP), using high throughput DNA pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bioinf...

Terrestrial waters represent less than a mere 1% of the total amount of water on Earth. However, they have crucial impact on terrestrial life and human needs, and play a major role in climate variability. Excluding the ice caps, fresh water on land is stored in various reservoirs: snow pack, glaciers, aquifers and other geological formations, root zone (upper few meters of the soil), and surfac...

Introduction: Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite with universal distribution in human populations. This infections transfer to human via contaminated foods and waters with Giardia cysts. The Knowledge on the incidence of this agent in the potential infection sources can provide valuable information for control and the spread of this parasite to human communities. This study was aimed to is...

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been observed in significant concentrations in many natural waters. Because hydrogen peroxide can act as an oxidant and reductant, it participates in an extensive suite of reactions in surface waters. Hydrogen peroxide is produced as a secondary photochemical product of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) photolysis. Apparent quantum yields for the photoche...

Satellite-derived sea surface salinity (SSS) data from Aquarius and SMOS are used to study the shelf-open ocean exchanges in the western South Atlantic near 35°S. Away from the tropics, these exchanges cause the largest SSS variability throughout the South Atlantic. The data reveal a well-defined seasonal pattern of SSS during the analyzed period and of the location of the export of low-salinit...

The effects of the 1997–1998 and 2002–2004 El Niño on the upper waters in the continental shelf and slope regions off northwestern Baja California are explored with data from eight cruises taken in late spring from 1998 to 2004 and the summers of 1997 and 1998. Geostrophic velocities were calculated referenced to a specific volume anomaly surface separating the generally southward flowing Calif...

The frequency and mass concentrations of 13 herbicide micropollutants (triazines, phenylureas, chloroacetanilides and trifluralin) were investigated during 2014 in surface, ground and drinking waters in the area of the city of Zagreb and its suburbs. Herbicide compounds were accumulated from water by solid-phase extraction using either octadecylsilica or styrene-divinylbenzene sorbent cartridge...

lack of sewage collection systems, percolation of surface waters, and seepage of wells have raised the groundwater table in shiraz area in the south of iran. the growing population generates environmental pollution resulting in the degradation of the quality of surface and groundwaters used for agriculture. inorganic and organic pollutants have been traced in shiraz water resources. heavy metal...

[1] Surface waters of the Arctic Ocean have the highest concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and terrigenous dissolved organic matter (DOM) of all ocean basins. Concentrations of dissolved lignin phenols in polar surface waters are 7-fold to 16-fold higher than those in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and stable carbon isotopic compositions of DOM are depleted in C by 1–2% relative...