Bedrock fracture systems facilitate weathering, allowing fresh mineral surfaces to interact with corrosive waters and biota from Earth's surface, while simultaneously promoting drainage of chemically equilibrated fluids. We show that topographic perturbations to regional stress fields explain bedrock fracture distributions, as revealed by seismic velocity and electrical resistivity surveys from...

1. QUANTIFYING SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY DIFFERENCES USING CCFmax AND Ds Topography measurements play an important role in surface and nano-metrology, production quality control, tribology, bio-technology and forensic science [1]. Dozens of surface parameters are specified in national and international standards [2, 3]. Although none of these are designed for topography comparisons, statistical method...

PURPOSE To determine the feasibility of adapting confocal scanning laser (CSL) tomography of the optic disc for quantitative evaluation of papilledema in pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). METHODS Confocal scanning laser tomography of the optic disc was performed in 11 patients with diagnosed PTC and 12 visually normal control subjects of similar age. In five patients with active papilledema, CSL tom...

Surface smoothness of ceramic glazes is always an important characteristic of ceramic glazes as a point of surface engineering studies. Surface roughness affects chemical resistivity, glossiness and stainabiliy of glazes. In fact, less surface roughness improves cleanability of the surface by the least usage amount of detergents. In this investigation, surface topography of two common opaque gl...

Cystoscopic biopsy specimens of the bladder trigone of young women with recurrent urinary infections were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The superficial cells of the thickened squamous epithelium of the trigone have either a microridged, microvillous, or mixed pattern. In one case, bacteria were found adherent to all these types of surface. Some cells have a microvillous surface and ...

This paper demonstrates how a recently reported shape-from-shading scheme can be used to extract topographic information from 2D intensity imagery (Worthington and Hancock, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 21 (1999) 1250}1267). The shape-from-shading scheme has two important features which enhance the recovered surface description. Firstly, it uses a geometric update procedure which allo...

This paper demonstrates how a new shape from shading scheme can be used to extract topographic information from 2D intensity imagery. The shape-from-shading scheme has two novel ingredients. Firstly, it uses a geometric update procedure which allows the image irradiance equation to be satisfied as a hard-constraint. This not only improves the data-closeness of the recovered needle-map, but also...

This paper presents a technique to independently form mechanical topography and surface chemical patterns on polymer cell substrates, and studies the response of osteoblast cells to these surface patterns. The patterns were formed in two separate steps: hot embossing imprint lithography formed the mechanical topography and microcontact printing created the chemical pattern. The resulting substr...

We address the measurement and correction of fan distortion in optical coherence tomography (OCT). This effect arises from the scanning system configuration and prevents one, in general, from obtaining quantitative topographic data from OCT. Computer simulations allowed us to quantify the effect and evaluate its dependence on the scanning mirror separation and design of the collimating lens, as...

one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...