M-plane GaN avalanche p-i-n photodiodes on low dislocation density freestanding m-plane GaN substrates were realized using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. High quality homoepitaxial m-plane GaN layers were developed; the root-mean-square surface roughness was less than 1 Å and the full-width-at-half-maximum value of the x-ray rocking curve for 101̄0 diffraction of m-plane GaN epilayer w...

Algorithms for estimating dry snow density and the dielectric constant and roughness of the underlying soil or rock use backscattering measurements with VV and HH polarization at L-band frequency (1.25 GHz). Comparison with field measurements of snow density during the first SIR-C/X-SAR overpass shows absolute accuracy of 42 kg m 3 (13% relative error). For the underlying soil, comparisons with...

Introduction: Air-powder polishing devices are increasingly used for stain and plaque removal. However, besides cleaning the tooth surface, they may increase the surface roughness of the dental tissues. This in turn may result in plaque accumulation and superficial degradation. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the influence of three different abrasive agents: Pumice, Sodium bicarbonate ...

Abstract A numerical method is proposed to evaluate the effect of non‐Gaussian roughness on point contact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL). mixed EHL model contact, considering roughness, developed. The oil film pressure in was controlled by Reynolds equation average flow, and asperity obtained rough surface micro‐contact model. influence parameters distribution, thickness profile ratio loa...

By using Radio Frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method, Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (PZT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/ SiO2/Si substrates. Pt/Ti bottom electrode was fabricated on SiO2/Si substrates by magnetron dual-facing-target sputtering system. Phase and crystalline structure analyses of the PZT films were performed on an X-ray diffraction(XRD), Surface morphology, roughness and particle si...

In this work we investigate influence of substrate temperature on the surface morphology for substrate coverage below one monolayer. The model of film growth is based on random deposition enriched by limited surface diffusion. Also anisotropy in the growth is involved. We found from computer simulations for simple cubic lattice and solid-on-solid model, that surface morphology changes with incr...

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used in the reflection mode to characterize the surface texture (roughness) of sliced food surfaces. Sandpapers with grit size between 150 and 600 were used as height references to standardize the CLSM hardware settings. Sandpaper particle sizes were verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mean amplitude (in micrometers) of surface varia...

Metal matrix composites have been increasingly used as materials for components in automotive and aerospace industries because of their improved properties compared with non-reinforced alloys. During machining the selection of appropriate machining parameters to produce job for desired surface roughness is of great concern considering the economy of manufacturing process. In this study, a surfa...