In 3 experiments, supportive audiences were associated with unexpected performance decrements (i.e., "choking" under pressure). On a difficult, skill-based task, participants were more likely to fail when observed by supportive audiences than when observed by nonsupportive audiences. When the criterion for success was easy, supportive audiences had no effect. With a difficult criterion, support...

Let A be any nonrecursive set. For each k 0, we show that there are functions (k + 1)-truth-table reducible to A that are not k-weak-truth-table reducible to A; and we show that there are functions (k + 1)-Turing reducible to A that are not k-Turing reducible to A. Intuitively, this means that k + 1 queries to a nonrecursive oracle are strictly more useful than k queries to the same oracle (for...

Supportive coparenting after relationship dissolution is associated with increased father involvement which can buffer against the negative effects of parental relationship dissolution. Low-income, at-risk families are much more likely to experience relationship dissolutions; hence, supportive coparenting after dissolution is particularly important in these families. We examined whether relatio...

BACKGROUND Supportive supervision has been found to be more effective than corrective fault-oriented inspections. Uganda's Ministry of Health in 2012 implemented a comprehensive strategy (SPARS) to build medicines management capacity in public sector health facilities. The approach includes supportive supervision. This structured observational study assesses supportive supervision competency am...