We study the role of person- and place-specific factors in explaining geographic variation emergency department utilization using detailed data on 150,000 patients who moved regions within Israel. document that about half destination-origin differences average rate across districts translates to change (up or down) movers’ propensity visit department. In contrast, we find no probability having ...

This paper analyzes the credit demand depression phenomenon resulting from long-term institutional supply rationing. Under the interaction between imperfect formal credit system and rural households’ risk aversion behavior, rural households will be discouraged to depress their credit demand or replace it with informal credit, which we call demand-side credit constraints. It find that about 33.7...