Although highly susceptible to orogastric candidiasis, T-cell receptor delta- and alpha-chain knockout mice, deficient in gammadelta and alphabeta T cells, respectively, were found to be resistant to disseminated candidiasis of endogenous origin and to acute systemic candidiasis (resulting from intravenous injection).

The purpose of this review was to investigate the management of oral candidiasis in HIV/AIDS patients and to evaluate the different guidelines available for its management. A number of topical and systemic antifungal medications are used to treat oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. Milder episodes of oral candidiasis respond to topical therapy with nystatin, clotrimazole troches or oral ...

To understand the Candida colonization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected outpatients in Taiwan, we have conducted a prospective cohort study of Candida colonization and its risk factors at the National Taiwan University Hospital from 1999 to 2002. More than 50% of the patients were colonized with Candida species, and 12% developed symptomatic candidiasis. Patients colonized with fl...

Oral candidiasis is often accompanied by severe inflammation, resulting in a decline in the quality of life of immunosuppressed individuals and elderly people. To develop a new oral therapeutic option for candidiasis, a nonpathogenic commensal oral probiotic microorganism, Streptococcus salivarius K12, was evaluated for its ability to modulate Candida albicans growth in vitro, and its therapeut...

OBJECTIVE Mucosal infections including vulvovaginal candidiasis are a common problem for women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Our objective was to determine which factors predict the development of symptomatic disease among HIV-infected women. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study from 1991 to 1995, 205 HIV-positive women were evaluated every 6 months for occurrence...

Oral candidiasis is associated with defects in cell-mediated immunity and is common among patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy, or corticosteroid or antibiotic therapy, and those patients seropositive for AIDS and HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). This paper demonstrates the important role of cell-mediated immunity in oral candidiasis in 2 cases of thymoma associated with myasthenia gra...

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a frequent source of hematogenous candidiasis in humans. Animal models of GI and hematogenous candidiasis have provided insights into the nature of candidal infection of host mucosal tissue, mechanisms of fungal dissemination to body organs, and features of host response to candidal infections. Biological systems such as these that simulate human candidiasis c...

Genotype characteristics and distribution of commensal Candida albicans should be studied to predict the development of candidiasis, however, extensive genotype analysis of commensal C. albicans has not been made. In this study, 508 C. albicans isolates were collected from patients with/without candidiasis and divided into 4 isolate groups (SG-1, oral cavity of non-candidiasis patients; SG-2, p...

A total of 37 serum samples from 27 cancer patients were tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-inhibition technique for the detection of Candida antigen. In 20 randomly chosen sera from patients without clinical evidence of candidiasis and in 10 sera from patients proven by autopsy not to have candidiasis, the inhibition ranged up to 17%; in contrast, inhibition ranged from 22 to 56% i...

All humans are colonized with Candida species, mostly Candida albicans, yet some develop diseases due to Candida, among which genitourinary manifestations are extremely common. The forms of genitourinary candidiasis are distinct from each other and affect different populations. While vulvovaginal candidiasis affects mostly healthy women, candiduria occurs typically in elderly, hospitalized, or ...