Spline functions are used to interpolate the magnetic elds and their gradients over a surface. The surface itself and the local normals are interpolated in the same way. For all interpolations the local values are obtained from a set of points which correspond to the locations, local normals or magnetic eld values of a set of biomagnetic sensors.

We report two-dimensional MHD simulations which demonstrate that photospheric 5-min oscillations can leak into the chromosphere inside small-scale vertical magnetic flux tubes. The results of our numerical experiments are compatible with those inferred from simultaneous spectropolarimetric observations of the photosphere and chromosphere obtained with the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter (TIP) at ...

There is currently no explanation of why the corona has the temperature and density it has. We present a model which explains how the dynamics of magnetic reconnection regulates the conditions in the corona. A bifurcation in magnetic reconnection at a critical state enforces an upper bound on the coronal temperature for a given density. We present observational evidence from 107 flares in 37 su...

With the aim of studying magnetic effects in time-distance helioseismology, we use the first-order Born approximation to compute the scattering of acoustic plane waves by a magnetic cylinder embedded in a uniform medium. We show, by comparison with the exact solution, that the travel-time shifts computed in the Born approximation are everywhere valid to first order in the ratio of the magnetic ...

We study the eeects of plasma viscosity on the dynamics of primordial magnetic elds by simulating magnetohydrodynamics in the early universe by appropriate non-linear cascade models. We nd numerically that even in the presence of large kinetic viscosity, magnetic energy is transferred to large length scales. There are indications, however, that the inverse cascade stops at a given time which de...

We followed fragmentation of magnetized lamentary clouds and formation of disks with two-dimensional numerical simulations. A lamentary cloud with longitudinal magnetic elds fragments to form geometrically thin disks perpendicular to the magnetic eld. Each disk collapses self-similarly toward the lament axis, keeping quasi-static equilibrium in the direction parallel to the axis. With some simp...

Preceding or immediately following fear-conditioning rats were exposed for 30 min to either a sham ®eld, one of two symmetrical (sine-wave 7 , 20 Hz) magnetic ®elds or to one of two complex magnetic ®elds whose waveforms were modeled after salient electrophysiological patterns within either the hippocampal formation (theta-burst) or the amygdaloid complex (burst-®ring). The magnetic ®elds were ...

We employ the magnetic and velocity fields from turbulent dynamo simulations to synthesize the polarization of a typical photospheric line. The synthetic Stokes profiles have properties in common with those observed in the quiet Sun. The simulated magnetograms present a level of signal similar to that of the Inter-Network regions. Asymmetric Stokes V profiles with two, three and more lobes appe...

[1] We present a focused parameter study of solar wind–magnetosphere interaction for the young Sun and Earth, ∼3.5 Gyr ago, that relies on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations for both the solar wind and the magnetosphere. By simulating the quiescent young Sun and its wind we are able to propagate the MHD simulations up to Earth’s magnetosphere and obtain a physically realistic solar forcing o...

In this paper, we introduce the concepts of norm and inner prod- uct on fuzzy linear spaces over fuzzy elds and discuss some fundamental properties.