INTRODUCTION In 1975, Small and coworkers first introduced the concept of ion chromatography (IC) that allowed the sensitive detection of ions using suppressed conductivity detection. A significant portion of this work was dedicated to cation analysis. The original components described by Small et al. for the separation of cations included a low-capacity, sulfonated polystyrene/ divinylbenzene ...

Sulfonated Zn phthalocyanine, as a prospective photosensitizer in the photodynamic therapy of tumors, is investigated by means of Raman, infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopies. Conventional and surface-enhanced spectra from this photosensitizer are obtained and compared. Gold nano-islands attached to silica cores (Au-SiO2) are proposed as nanostructures providing plasmonically enhanced signa...

A novel sulfonated diamine was synthesized from 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy) benzene [pBAB]. Sulfonated polyimides (SPIs) were synthesized from sulfonated pBAB, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy-2-sulfonic acid) benzenesulfonic acid [pBABTS], various diamines and aromatic dianhydrides. Composite proton exchange membranes (PEMs) made of novel SPIs and a protic ionic liquid (PIL) 1-vinyl-3-H-imidazolium trifluor...

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are an emerging technology for wastewater treatment that utilizes the metabolism of microorganisms to generate electricity from organic matter present in water directly. The principle MFC is same as hydrogen cell and has three main components (i.e., anode, cathode, proton exchange membrane). membrane separates anode cathode chambers keeps anaerobic aerobic conditions ...

In this study, a triblock copolymer, poly(styrene-isobutylene-styrene), was sulfonated to eight different levels ranging from 0.36 to 2.04 mequiv./g (13 to 82 mol% of styrene; styrene is 19 mol% of the unsulfonated block copolymer). These sulfonated polymers were characterized with elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy to confirm sulfonation and determine accurate sulfonation levels. Inf...