In a 3-year experiment (2002-2004), five N rates (0, 60, 120, 180, 240 kg N ha-1) were applied to sugar beets arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design with six replications. Experimentation took place under the semi-arid, irrigated conditions of central Greece. The aim of this work was to study the late season response of sugar beet crop to N fertilization as assessed by non-destructive m...

This study explores the relationship between acute sugar consumption and its effect on executive function (EF). Specifically, this study examines the effect of both acute and chronic sugar consumption on EF. An epidemiological survey was given on an online work distribution platform, where participants finished cognitive tasks of EF after completing questionnaires assessing sugar consumption bo...

Expression of alpha-amylase genes during cereal grain germination and seedling growth is regulated negatively by sugar in embryos and positively by gibberellin (GA) in endosperm through the sugar response complex (SRC) and the GA response complex (GARC), respectively. We analyzed two alpha-amylase promoters, alphaAmy3 containing only SRC and alphaAmy8 containing overlapped SRC and GARC. alphaAm...

Turkish Sugar Inc., a public enterprise including 25 factories, is the first corporation of Turkish industry. According to the government policy, public sugar factories PSFs will be privatized as geography-based 6 portfolio groups in two years. As performance measures of PSF affect government, sugar producers, and several unions in privatizing process, a systematic approach is necessary to meas...

Acetic acid-catalyzed steam explosion pretreatment was applied to wheat straw at temperatures of 190 and 210 °C for 2, 6, and 10 min of residence time. The effects of pretreatment conditions on the total gravimetric recovery, hemicellulose sugars, glucose content, and yield of the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose were studied. The results indicated that the total gravimetric recovery decreases...

Conversion of Glucose to Ethanol In the U.S., corn is the predominant source of starch (glucose) used to produce ethanol. With the exception of sugar cane, corn provides the highest ethanol yields compared to any other feedstock being used (Table 2). However, research is underway to develop methods to convert carbohydrates from cellulosic feedstocks such as softwood (Arwa et al., 2005), non-sta...

An economic and practical AIBN-initiated aerobic oxidation system of benzylic alcohols, hetero aryl alcohols and allyl alcohols was developed for the first time. Moderate to excellent yields were obtained with a broad substrate scope. Moreover, a proposed mechanism of a radical process was assumed and confirmed by the key intermediate detected.

A simple organocatalytic one-pot protocol for the construction of optically active allylic alcohols and amines using readily available reactants and catalyst is presented. The described reaction is enabled by an enantioselective enone epoxidation/aziridination-Wharton-reaction sequence affording two highly privileged and synthetically important classes of compounds in an easy and benign way. Th...

The preparation of 2-(N-alkylamino)benzothiazoles via regioselecive N-alkylation of 2-aminobenzothiazoles has been accomplished by using benzylic alcohols as alkylating agents.

A novel visible light promoted carbodifluoroalkylation of allylic alcohols is disclosed. A series of difluoro 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds were obtained through a tandem radical addition and 1,2-aryl migration process. Mechanistic analysis indicated that the 1,2-aryl rearrangement proceeded via a radical intermediate.