A novel theory of subtractive hybridization including (or based on) the kinetic model of this process was proposed. A computer program modeling the process of subtraction was developed. Basing on the theory, a novel method of subtractive hybridization was proposed allowing routine comparison of genomes and products of genome expression. The method was applied to studies of the genetic mechanism...

It is known that under certain conditions the incidence matrix of a balanced incomplete block design (v, b, r, k, λ) gives a binary code of length b and size 2(v + 1). Here we investigate the conditions where a balanced ternary design gives a similar ternary code.

Basic logic gates and their operations in ternary quantum domain are involved in the synthesis of ternary quantum circuits. Only a few works define ternary algebra for ternary quantum logic realization. In this paper, a ternary logic function is expressed in terms of projection operations including a new one. A method to realize new multi-qutrit ternary gates in terms of generalized ternary gat...

In 1963, the Dutch mathemetician F.J.M. Barning described an infinite, planar, ternary tree whose nodes are just the set of Primitive Pythagorean triples. Seven years later, A. Hall independently discovered the same tree. Both used the method of uni-modular matrices to transform one triple to another. A number of rediscoveries have occurred more recently. The purpose of this article is to annou...

In this paper we propose an efficient and regular ternary algorithm for scalar multiplication on elliptic curves over finite fields of characteristic three. This method is based on full signed ternary expansion of a scalar to be multiplied. The cost per bit of this algorithm is lower than that of all previous ones.

In this chapter, we take a different approach. In Section 2, we analyze the basics of analog subtractive synthesis, using the simple patch of a square-wave oscillator processed by a low-pass filter with a dynamically variable cutoff frequency. In Section 3, we show how a single mathematical function can model both the oscillator and filter together, and describe an efficient formation for this ...

Varieties like groups, rings, or Boolean algebras have the property that, in any of their members, the lattice of congruences is isomorphic to a lattice of more manageable objects: e.g. normal subgroups of groups, two-sided ideals of rings, …lters (or ideals) of Boolean algebras. Abstract algebraic logic can explain these phenomena at a rather satisfactory level of generality: in every member A...

Answering a question by Honsell and Plotkin, we show that there are two equations between λ-terms, the so-called subtractive equations, consistent with λ-calculus but not satisfied in any partially ordered model with bottom element. We also relate the subtractive equations to the open problem of the order-incompleteness of λ-calculus. 1998 ACM Subject Classification F.4.1 Lambda calculus and re...

We study closedness properties of internal relations in finitely complete categories, which leads to developing a unified approach to: Mal’tsev categories, in the sense of A.Carboni, J. Lambek and M.C.Pedicchio, that generalize Mal’tsev varieties of universal algebras; unital categories, in the sense of D.Bourn, that generalize pointed Jónsson-Tarski varieties; and subtractive categories, intro...

Shunting inhibition, a conductance increase with a reversal potential close to the resting potential of the cell, has been shown to have a divisive effect on subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potential amplitudes. It has therefore been assumed to have the same divisive effect on firing rates. We show that shunting inhibition actually has a subtractive effect on the firing rate in most circum...