Software to interpret tandem mass spectra, entitled Method for Analyzing Patterns in Spectra (MAPS), has been developed to provide substructure information for an automated compound identification system, This software consists of several program modules which manipulate databases of tandem mass spectra and substructure information, generate substructure identification rules, and apply these ru...

Recently, a new substructure coupling/uncoupling approach has been introduced, called Modal Constraints for Fixture and Subsystem (MCFS) [Allen, Mayes, & Bergman, Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 329, 2010]. This method reduces ill-conditioning by imposing constraints on substructure modal coordinates instead of the physical interface coordinates. The experimental substructure is tested in ...

The 9 + 2 array of ciliary and fiagellar tubules was described in the early days of electron micros-copy when osmium tetroxide was the standard fixative. Cytoplasmic microtubules, which are not generally in evidence after osmium tetroxide fixation, were rarely seen until after the advent of aldehyde fixatives. In some glutaraldehyde-OsO4-fixed material, flagellar and ciliary tubules are

A substructure isomorphism matrix n x p contains binary elements describing which of the given p query structures (substructures) are part of the given n target structures (molecular structures). Such a matrix can be used to investigate the diversity of the target structures and allows the characterization and comparison of structural libraries. A quadratic substructure isomorphism matrix n x n...

Discovering conceptually interesting and repetitive substructures in a structural data improves the ability to interpret and compress the data. The substructures are evaluated by their ability to describe and compress the original data set using the domain’s background knowledge and the minimum description length (MDL) of the data. Once discovered, the substructure concept is used to simplify t...

The social substructure and the distribution of genetic variation among colonies of yellow-bellied marmots, when analyzed as an evolutionary system, suggests that this substructure enhances the intercolony variance and retards the fixation of genetic variation. This result supports a traditional theory of gradual evolution rather than recent theories suggesting accelerated evolution in social m...

This paper presents a new distance geometry algorithm for calculating atomic coordinates from estimates of the interatomic distances, which maintains the positions of the atoms in a known rigid substructure. Given an matrix of coordinates for the rigid substructure , this problem consists of finding the matrix that yields of global minimum of the so-called STRAIN, i.e.

normal cell fate decisions are reiterated in subsequent larval stages. Examples include mutations in lin-4 and lin-29. Worms with such mutations do not express certain adult cell fates, despite being sexually mature (Figure 1). Is there conservation in heterochronic gene pathways? An important regulator of the larval-to-adult transition in worms, let-7, is conserved across diverse phyla, having...

In recent years, gravitational lensing has been used as a means to detect substructure in galaxysized halos, via anomalous flux ratios in quadruply-imaged lenses. In addition to causing anomalous flux ratios, substructure may also perturb the positions of lensed images at observable levels. In this paper, we numerically investigate the scale of such astrometric perturbations using realistic mod...

We discuss whether one should expect that multiply imaged QSOs can be understood with ‘simple’ lens models which contain a handful of parameters. Whereas for many lens systems such simple mass models yield a remarkably good description of the observed properties, there are some systems which are notoriously difficult to understand quantitatively. We argue that at least in one case (B 1422+231) ...