Economic theory suggests that energy subsidies can lead to excessive consumption and environmental degradation. However, the precise impact of is not well understood. We analyze a large subsidy: California Alternate Rates for Energy (CARE). CARE provides price reduction low-income consumers natural gas electricity. Using field experiment, we estimate elasticity demand be about -0.35 customers. ...

Purpose In this paper, the authors study production and pricing decisions of a remanufacturing supply chain composed supplier, an assembler remanufacturer, in which components requires patent licensing from supplier. Design/methodology/approach The consider three different models with government subsidy for remanufacturing: (1) no subsidies; (2) subsidizes behavior supplier (3) remanufacturer u...

Electricity cannot be stored and needs huge amount of capital so producers and consumers pay special attention to predict electricity consumption. Besides, time-series data of the electricity market are chaotic and complicated. Nonlinear methods such as Neural Networks have shown better performance for predicting such kind of data. We also need to analyze other variables affecting electricity c...

BACKGROUND Policymakers and researchers frequently compare the prices of medicines between countries. Such comparisons often serve as barometers of how pricing and reimbursement policies are performing. The aim of this study was to examine methodological challenges to comparing generic drug prices. METHODS We calculated all commonly used price indices based on 2013 IMS Health data on sales of...

In his inaugural presidential address to the Population Association of America in 1978, Richard Easterlin challenged the orthodox neoclassical economic model of fertility originally suggested by Becker and subsequently elaborated by Becker and Lewis. While maintaining an economic approach to fertility, Easterlin's model was based upon the notion of material aspirations which changed systematic...

Among the agricultural important factors, inputs are the most significant in agricultural production. This article aimed to examine the impact of government subsidy policies on production of one of the most strategic products, namely on production of one of the most strategic products, namely maize, in Iran. To achieve this goal, panel data for the nine provinces of Iran's major producers of ma...

BACKGROUND Large socio-economic disparities exist in US dietary habits and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. While economic incentives have demonstrated success in improving dietary choices, the quantitative impact of different dietary policies on CVD disparities is not well established. We aimed to quantify and compare the potential effects on total CVD mortality and disparities of speci...

CONTEXT Pricing policies have been posited as potential policy instruments to address the increasing prevalence of obesity. This article examines whether altering the cost of unhealthy, energy-dense foods, compared with healthy, less-dense foods through the use of fiscal pricing (tax or subsidy) policy instruments would, in fact, change food consumption patterns and overall diet enough to signi...

Adopt principal component regression for researching the optimal subsidy mode of cotton production in China. The result indicates that, from the perspective of economic stimulatory effect, the optimal cotton subsidy in China is farm chemical subsidy rather than seed subsidy. The reason is that there are frequent pest disasters in cotton producing areas in China. So farm chemical subsidy is the ...