We sought to determine whether the M235T angiotensinogen (AGT) polymorphism, either interacting with habitual physical activity (PA) levels or independently, was associated with cardiovascular (CV) hemodynamics during maximal and submaximal exercise. Sixty-one healthy postmenopausal women (16 sedentary, 21 physically active, and 24 endurance athletes) had heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), c...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic heart failure have an excessive ventilatory response to exercise, characterised by an increase in the slope of the relation between ventilation and carbon dioxide production (VE/VCO2 slope). Patients have an altered respiratory pattern with an increased respiratory rate (f) at a given tidal volume (VT), which may result in increased anatomical dead space ventila...

A 49-year-old woman underwent cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Right phrenic nerve palsy developed during submaximal phrenic nerve stimulation. Despite the inability to stimulate the phrenic nerve with pacing, diaphragmatic excursion during inspiration was preserved. This case demonstrates that submaximal threshold stimulation allows detection of early ph...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine predictors of oxygen desaturation during submaximal exercise in patients with various lung diseases. DESIGN AND SETTING This retrospective case series used pulmonary function laboratory results from all patients referred to a major tertiary-care center. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS All patients > or = 35 years old who underwent spirometry, diffusing capacity of th...

BACKGROUND Older heart failure (HF) patients exhibit exercise intolerance during activities of daily living. We hypothesized that reduced lower extremity blood flow (LBF) due to reduced forward cardiac output would contribute to submaximal exercise intolerance in older HF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Twelve HF patients both with preserved and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)...

The purpose of this study was to validate a submaximal treadmill test for prediction of maximal oxygen consumption in fifteen male college students. This objective was accomplished by comparing maximal oxygen intake values recorded during a maximal treadmill test with those predicted from the submaximal test. Comparisons were also made among and between the true and predicted values and those e...

We compared changes in markers of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after submaximal and maximal lengthening muscle contractions of the elbow flexors. Using a cross-over design, 10 healthy young men not involved in resistance training completed a submaximal trial (10 sets of 60 lengthening contractions at 10% maximum isometric strength, 1 min rest between sets), followed by a maximal tria...