Blood stasis is a very important pathophysiological concept not only in Kampo but also in traditional Chinese medicine. Blood stasis indicates severe disease. Fuku shin (the abdominal exam) and Zetsu shin (the tongue exam) are the most important approaches of the 4 diagnostic procedures in Kampo. Tenderness of the lower abdominal region ( Sho fuku koh man) and distended sublingual veins have be...

The term “ranula” describes a diffuse swelling on the floor of the mouth caused either due to a mucous extravasation or, less commonly, a mucous retention phenomenon. They are generally derived from the major sublingual or submandibular salivary glands. Mucoceles are an extremely common lesion of the minor salivary glands, however a rare occurrence in the major salivary glands is noted. This ca...

The bioavailability of propranolol depends on the degree of liver metabolism. Orally but not intravenously administered propranolol is heavily metabolized. In the present study we assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sublingual propranolol. Fourteen severely hypertensive patients (diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > or = 115 mmHg), aged 40 to 66 years, were randomly chosen to rece...

Aim: To compare the sublingual and vaginal routes of misoprostol in termination of first trimester missed abortion. Methodology: The study was carried out in the Obstetrics & Gynecology unit-II of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, Pakistan, having yearly turnover > 3000 indoor patients. Results: In vaginal misoprostol group 66.7% cases completely aborted while in sublingual group 73.3% expe...

The sublingual administration of opioid analgesics has been a mainstay in the pain management of homebound dying hospice patients who are no longer able to swallow. It is also a potentially useful route of administration in other situations in which the oral route is not available and other routes are impractical or inappropriate. Potential advantages of the sublingual route include rapid analg...

Numerous sublingual immunotherapy studies have shown efficacy using a wide variety of dosing regimens. Despite a few grade III and one anaphylactic reaction due to a patient over-dose, there have been no fatal reactions resulting from sublingual immunotherapy treatment. Although safer than SCIT, SLIT is still immunotherapy. Special consideration should be given to what will ensure the highest l...

Sublingual route offers a safer and more practical approach for delivering vaccines relative to other systemic and mucosal immunization strategies. Here we present evidence demonstrating protection against ovalbumin expressing B16 (B16-OVA) metastatic melanoma lung tumor formation by sublingual vaccination with the model tumor antigen OVA plus synthetic glycolipid alpha-galactosylceramide (aGal...

BACKGROUND Each year, more than forty million abortions are occurred whole of the world. Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analogue with a strong uterotonic effect. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Misoprostol in first trimester abortion through two sublingual and vaginal routes of administration. METHODS This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 52 consecutive women in f...

UNLABELLED Asymptomatic mouth floor enlargements may be observed in edentulous patients. These masses, which protrude from the mouth floor, may complicate the fitting of dentures and require surgery. Whether this "entity" may be considered an anatomical variation of the mouth floor or represent specific alterations in the sublingual gland is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work is to inv...

Background Premedication with orally administered benzodiazepines is effective in reducing anxiety and discomfort related to endoscopic procedures. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral midazolam in comparison to sublingual alprazolam as premedication for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Materials and Methods Adult candidates for diagnostic EGD received either oral midazolam (7.5 mg i...