A ring is called clean if every element is the sum of a unit and an idempotent. Throughout the last 30 years several characterizations of commutative clean rings have been given. We have compiled a thorough list, including some new equivalences, in hopes that in the future there will be a better understanding of this interesting class of rings. One of the fundamental properties of clean rings i...

In view of important implications in the B decay, the 00 decay modes of J/ψ are analyzed with broken flavor SU(3) symmetry in search for longdistance final-state interactions. If we impose one mild theoretical constraint on the electromagnetic form factors, we find that a large phase difference of final-state interactions is strongly favored between the one-photon and the gluon decay amplitudes...

let $alpha$ be an automorphism of a ring $r$. the authors [on skewinverse laurent-serieswise armendariz rings, comm. algebra 40(1)(2012) 138-156] applied the concept of armendariz rings to inverseskew laurent series rings and introduced skew inverselaurent-serieswise armendariz rings. in this article, we study on aspecial type of these rings and introduce strongly armendariz ringsof inverse ske...