In the beginning The German physicist Johann Philipp Reis (1834–1874) is a strong candidate for the title. His design for a 'sound transmitter' (optimised around 1861), used a metallic strip resting on a membrane with a metal point contact completing an electrical circuit. It was Reis's theory that, as the membrane vibrated, the metal point bounced up and down ‘producing intermittent contact an...

Continuous casting is used to mass produce basic metals into long, semi-finished shapes with constant cross section, which are later processed into over 800 million tons of steel, 20 million tons of aluminum, and 1 million tons of copper, nickel, and other metal products in the world each year. Cross-sections can be rectangular, for later rolling into plate or sheet, square for long products, c...

The continuous roll casting process (CRC), consisting of continuous strip casting between rolls, is now well known. It was introduced by the SCAL Company (Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann Group) 60 years ago 1 . The process consists of solidifying aluminum or aluminum alloys between the water-cooled rolls of a duo rolling mill. From the moment when solidification is completed to the moment when the stri...

The necessity of development and improvement methods means for the protection preparatory roadways, in particular, protective structures, was proved on basis ordinary rock with binding surfaces. Analysis results study use structures bounding surfaces performed. It has shown feasibility reinforcing to ensure operational conditions protected roadways. Such include rubble strips reinforced partiti...

Current driven domain wall motion in curved Heavy Metal/Ferrimagnetic/Oxide multilayer strips is investigated using systematic micromagnetic simulations which account for spin-orbit coupling phenomena. Domain velocity and characteristic relaxation times are studied as functions of the geometry, curvature width strip, at out angular momentum compensation. Results show that walls can propagate fa...

An active metal strip hybrid plasmonic waveguide (MSHPW) using gain materials as loss compensation is proposed with an extremely simple fabrication procedure. Gain materials are introduced either in the low-index layer or in the high-index layer of MSHPW. The effects of waveguide dimensions and material gain coefficients on loss compensation are analyzed at the communication wavelength. For one...

The mutual conversion of the TMmn and TEmn waves (m,n 6= 0) in periodic and aperiodic (fractal-like) stratified waveguide structures composed of dense metal-strip gratings is studied. The stopbands and passbands conditions of Bloch waves, the reflection and transmission spectra of the periodic structure are examined versus the gratings parameters. Peculiarities of the wave localization, selfsim...

In this Letter, we show that the energy equivalent to that incident on a 4.7 microm wide strip can be squeezed through a 50 nm wide slit in a metal film surrounded by grooves. This corresponds to a transmission efficiency of 9400%, which can be even further enhanced by increasing the number of grooves. We use the phase of the magnetic field to explain that the ideal slit-to-groove distance is j...

Controlling the tandem cold rolling of metal strip is a significant challenge to the control engineer. This is due mostly to complex interactions between the process variables, nonlinearities that change with process conditions, and long speed-dependent time delays. The present technology is limited in its capability for improvement in performance. This paper describes a new control strategy th...

High-fidelity flatness defects in cold-rolled strip and sheet, arising from highly localized thickness strain variations, present an ongoing challenge to the metal industry. A primary cause of such defects, based on rolling practice, but for which effects have not been rigorously investigated, is transfer work-roll diameter deviations due roll grinding error. This study addresses high-fidelity ...