We lift the theory of optimal reduction to a decomposition of the lambda calculus known as the Linear Substitution Calculus (LSC). LSC decomposes β-reduction into finer steps that manipulate substitutions in two distinctive ways: it uses context rules that allow substitutions to act “at a distance” and rewrites modulo a set of equations that allow substitutions to “float” in a term. We propose ...

Traditional convolutional neural networks (CNN) are stationary and feedforward. They neither change their parameters during evaluation nor use feedback from higher to lower layers. Real brains, however, do. So does our Deep Attention Selective Network (dasNet) architecture. DasNet’s feedback structure can dynamically alter its convolutional filter sensitivities during classification. It harness...

From applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in FL/SL: learning to use or using to learn? Definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. That is why there was a gradu...

This paper defines head linear reduction, a reduction strategy of λ-terms that performs the minimal number of substitutions for reaching a head normal form. The definition relies on an extended notion of redex, and head linear reduction is therefore not a strategy in the exact usual sense. Krivine’s Abstract Machine is proved to be sound by relating it both to head linear reduction and to usual...

We de ne a perpetual one-step reduction strategy which enables one to construct minimal (w.r.t. L evy's ordering on reductions) in nite reductions in Conditional Orthogonal Expression Reduction Systems. We use this strategy to derive two characterizations of perpetual redexes, i.e., redexes whose contractions retain the existence of in nite reductions. These characterizations generalize existin...

Kennaway proved the remarkable result that every (almost) orthogonal term rewriting system admits a computable sequential normalizing reduction strategy. In this paper we present a computable sequential reduction strategy similar in scope, but simpler and more general. Our strategy can be thought of as an outermost-fair-like strategy that is allowed to be unfair to some redex of a term when con...

Let P = fP0; :::; Png be a partition of a nite abelian group A and L(P ) the complex vector space generated by the indicator functions of the sets P0; :::; Pn. In [1] it was proved that P de nes an abelian association scheme on A if L(P ) equals the space L(P ) of all Fourier transforms of functions in L(P ). In this paper it is shown that P de nes an abelian association scheme on A if and only...

The national action plan for malaria elimination in China (2010-2020) was issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health along with other 13 ministries and commissions in 2010. The ultimate goal of the national action plan was to eliminate local transmission of malaria by the end of 2020. Surveillance and response are the most important components driving the whole process of the national malaria eli...

Objective This presentation aims to share the CDC Surveillance Strategy’s goals, initiatives and activities. The surveillance strategy describes how CDC will: enhance accountability, resource use, workforce and innovation for surveillance by establishing a Surveillance Leadership Board, a surveillance workforce plan, and an innovation consortium; accelerate the utilization of emerging tools and...

Improvements in the farm household’s income and identifying the factors contribute to its improvement is very critical for enhancing food and poverty reduction strategy of Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is to investigate the factors contributing to rural farm households’ income differential in Haramaya district East Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia. The study used both primary and secondary data. Pr...