We study the effective interaction between DNA-binding proteins that arises from elastic stresses in the DNA when tension is applied. Using the wormlike chain model, we calculate the free energy cost of introducing multiple nearby bends in the DNA. We find that the bend deformation energy promotes aggregation to straighten the linker DNA, while twist resistance of the linker leads to damped osc...

Directed graphs are commonly drawn by the Sugiyama algorithm, where crossing reduction is a crucial phase. It is done by repeated one-sided 2-level crossing minimizations, which are still NP-hard. We introduce a global crossing reduction, which at any particular time captures all crossings, especially for long edges. Our approach is based on the sifting technique and improves the level-by-level...

The aim of this work is to decompose shapes into parts which are consistent to human perception. We propose a novel shape decomposition method which utilizes the three perception rules suggested by psychological study: the Minima rule, the Short-cut rule and the Convexity rule. Unlike the previous work, we focus on improving the convexity of the decomposed parts while minimizing the cut length ...

Abstract The study area is located in Anbar Governorate, western Iraq, within the city of Ramadi, adjacent to Al-Warrar Canal. suffers from a lack previous hydraulically studies, hydrological, geological, and topographical characteristic soil characteristics, also significant increasing levels groundwater. Three wells were drilled canal with diameter 0.1524m, 10m depth 100 m distance between ea...

This paper proposes a new method of feature extraction called twodimensional optimal transform (2D-OPT) useful for appearance based object recognition. The 2D-OPT method provides a better discrimination power between classes by maximizing the distance between class centers. We first argue that the proposed 2D-OPT method works in the row direction of images and subsequently we propose an alterna...

A 65 year old male retired farmer presented with an inability to fully straighten the ring finger and little finger of his right hand. This had progressed over the past two years and he had recently noticed a “rope like” swelling in his palm. He had no history of trauma and no medical history of note, except that he had smoked until 10 years earlier and had a 90 pack year history. His father ha...

So-called “degree achievements” (DAs), such as widen, lengthen, cool, dry, and straighten, have long caused problems for theories of aspectual classification, because they constitute one area in which the traditional Vendler/Dowty system breaks down.1 As first observed in Dowty 1979, these verbs display both telic and atelic properties according to standard diagnostics (see also Abusch 1986). T...

A new deformable model based on the use of a particle system is introduced. By defining local behaviors for each particle, the system behaves as an active contour model embedding variable topology and regularization properties. As a classical model, the model converges to the feature that is searched for. The interest of the particle system is illustrated through two applications: the first one...

In order to analyze shapes of continuous curves in R, we parameterize them by arc-length and represent them as curves on a unit two-sphere. We identify the subset denoting the closed curves, and study its differential geometry. To compute geodesics between any two such curves, we connect them with an arbitrary path, and then iteratively straighten this path using the gradient of an energy assoc...

In Theory IIb we characterize with a mix of theory and experiments the optimization of deep convolutional networks by Stochastic Gradient Descent. The main new result in this paper is theoretical and experimental evidence for the following conjecture about SGD: SGD concentrates in probability like the classical Langevin equation – on large volume, “flat” minima, selecting flat minimizers which ...