In cloud computing, provisioning an optimal resource to consumer gets more and more crucial. Cloud computing consumers are able to use the set of computing resources by net. Cloud providers will receive some amount for these computational resources depending on usage of cloud resource. The provisional resource plans are reservation and also on demand. The computing resources will be provided ba...

The problem studied is one of buying and selling products cost efficiently over a number of periods in a finite horizon setting. Unit purchase costs vary across periods acording to some known distribution.and demand is deterministic but dependent on the price charged for the product. Thus, the problem becomes one of exploiting opportunities to “forward buy” and sell profitably in the face of co...

This paper investigates the backorder rate inventory problem with defective units. In practice, the uncertainties of customer’s demand and backorder rate are inherent; hence, backorder rate and customer’s demand are not constant. In this study, we assume that the backorder rate is dependent on the amount of shortages and backorder price discounts, and the lead time demand follows a mixture of d...

the main purpose of this study is to determine welfare impacts of trade liberalization on maize market. for this purpose, we used from time series data for the period 1961/2009 and estimated domestic supply, domestic demand and import demand for maize. results of estimation showed that price elasticity of supply and demand is 0.32 and -0.25, respectively. then, by means of these elasticities, w...

On the basis of the market microstructure theory and the continuous time stochastic volatilitystyle microstructure model, a discrete time stochastic volatility microstructure model with stateobservability is proposed for describing the dynamics of financial markets. From the discrete time microstructure model proposed, estimates of two immeasurable state variables representing the market excess...

the serious obstacles to improve water supply, has caused world debates, seeking some solutions to tackle the problem of shortages in water supply. t. therefore, programs and policies have focused mainly on appropriate pricing approachof. since the water industry in iran has been monopolized by the government, an effective pricing approach is assumed to maximize the social welfare with consider...

In this paper the problem of modeling electricity price dynamics in deregulated energy markets is studied. Since the nature of customers' energy consumption, market participants' strategic behavior and the power system reliability indices are stochastic processes, the electricity price model will be stochastic as well. In our analysis the price of electricity is modeled based on the customers' ...

the hub location decision is a long term investment and any changes in it take considerable time and money. in real situations, some parameters are uncertain hence, deterministic models cannot be more efficient. the ability of two-stage stochastic programming is to make a long-term decision by considering effects of it in short term decisions simultaneously. in the two-stage stochastic programm...

High electricity demand peaks and uncertain supply from renewable energy sources have a significant impact on the electricity price and the network capacity. One mechanism proposed to tackle this issue is the use of real-time pricing (RTP) at the end customer level. Here electricity retail prices are set in real-time in response to varying supply-demand conditions in a way that reduces peak dem...