The most popular unidimensional psychological test evaluation rule is the trivial scoring function: To the answers of each item of a test item scores of 0,1,...m points are awarded and the unweighted or simple or total sum of the item scores gives the test score (also: Likert score). This total score has desirable stochastic ordering properties like monotone likelihood ratio (MLR), stochastic o...

In this paper, the concept of stochastic ordering is extended to belief functions on the real line defined by random closed intervals. In this context, the usual stochastic ordering is shown to break down into four distinct ordering relations, called credal orderings, which correspond to the four basic ordering structures between intervals. These orderings are characterized in terms of lower an...

We develop reserve selection methods for maximizing either species retention in the landscape or species representation in reserve areas. These methods are developed in the context of sequential reserve selection, where site acquisition is done over a number of years, yearly budgets are limited and habitat loss may cause some sites to become unavailable during the planning period. The main meth...