The topography of the cortical motor projection to the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles was investigated in 15 normal subjects using the technique of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Contrary to the long-held view that the representation of the neck muscles in the motor strip is close to that of the face, our findings indicate that the projection to both the ipsilateral and contralateral SCM...

The present study investigated the involvement of the human cerebellum in the habituation of the acoustic startle response using PET. The startle response was elicited in seven young, healthy subjects by a tone presented via headphones. Startle responses were recorded from the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed in nine scans and one startle stimul...

AIM To compare electromyographic (EMG) activity in young-adult subjects with different breathing types. METHODOLOGY This study included 50 healthy male subjects with complete natural dentition, and no history of orofacial pain or craniomandibular-cervical-spinal disorders. Subjects were classified into two groups: upper costal breathing type, and costo-diaphragmatic breathing. Bipolar surface...

OBJECTIVE To introduce the concept of neck muscle pain and spasm after radiotherapy and its treatment with botulinum toxin A. DESIGN Case series. SETTING Ambulatory patients at a tertiary care medical center. PATIENTS Individuals who had undergone primary or adjuvant radiotherapy for treatment of carcinoma of the head and neck were asked about painful spasms of the neck musculature. A vol...

[Purpose] This study examined the changes in the thickness of the deep cervical flexor according to the contraction intensity of the masticatory muscle during deep cervical flexor training. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy adults were randomly selected and the thicknesses of their longus colli and sternocleidomastoid were measured with ultrasound when the masticatory muscle contracted duri...

Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma are seen occasionally accounting for 5% among tumors. Commonest of these lymphomas is diffuse large B cell type. Case report: A 66 years old female presented to our Department with rapidly enlarging mass having difficulty in swallowing as well breathing. She underwent left hemithyroidectomy 30 ago a benign disease. Clinicallly it was 20 × cm hard inconsisten...

In cervical spine surgery there are known risk of complications such as esophageal fistula and dural tear. Usually the gold standard in treatment is represented by surgery. The sternocleidomastoid flap most common used revision procedure. this paper we propose a modified surgical technique harvesting SCM suggest its use prevention selected cases.