This paper will define the slag compositions required to obtain and control optimum foamy slag conditions in the Electric Furnace. In defining the optimal slags, consideration is given to the effects of scrap quality, carbon injection, slag basicity and MgO content. A computer model based on published phase-diagrams has been developed which graphically maps the chemistries for optimal foaming c...

Fuzzy constraints must be ne-tuned for a certain task. However, such ne-tuning cannot be done for all possible instantiations of a problem, and thus is generally done on protypical constraints. These templates are applied during run-time to a certain actual situation, i.e., dynamically adapted and applied only where necessary. This paper describes issues arising from the existance of such dynam...

About 40 million tons of steel slag a year, which is the by-product of iron and steel manufacture, is generated in Japan and the almost all the slag is reused for the materials, e.g. cement raw material, road base course material and civil engineering material, by effectively utilizing its characteristics such as chemical components and mechanical properties. Most of its purposes of uses are to...

This paper illustrates how systems requirements (i.e., safety) are decomposed to define manufacturing process requirements and design. Steelmaking is an energy intensive process; utilizing vast amounts of electricity, oxygen, and natural gas to liquefy scrap steel. While the electric arc furnace process is used extensively around the world to melt steel, it is inefficient. Hot gases are lost to...

Abstract The adverse effects of climate change calls for the rapid transformation manufacturing processes to decrease emissions carbon dioxide. In particular, a lower footprint can be achieved by capturing dioxide at site emission. Here we review use industrial effluents, waste and residues capture Waste include steelmaking slag, municipal solid incinerator ashes, combustion fly ash, black liqu...

The development of a compact laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) system increases the possibilities of applying the technique in industrial arenas, field applications and process monitoring. Significant progress has been achieved in miniaturization of optical detectors and lasers, allowing portable, low-cost LIBS equipment to be devised. Conventional lasers for LIBS, like actively Q-swi...