This study evaluated the effect of heat treatment on CrNi stainless steel orthodontic archwires. Half of forty archwires of each thickness - 0.014" (0.35 mm), 0.016" (0.40 mm), 0.018" (0.45 mm) and 0.020" (0.50 mm) (totalling 160 archwires) - were subjected to heat treatment while the remainder were not. All of the archwires had their individual thickness measured in the anterior and posterior ...

Low stacking fault energy face centered cubic (FCC) materials contain characteristic defect structures. Stacking fault tetrahedral are one of those rare structures that occur under special experimental conditions. For the first time, stacking fault tetrahedral were observed in Fe-30Mn-3Al-3Si twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel. Their presence resulted from a quenching heat treatment.

The microstructure of HP stainless steel in aged and aged + solution annealed conditions and solutionized alloy 800 was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) equipped by EDS. All phases present in the above condition were described. The effects of solution annealing heat treatment temperature on the microstructure, te...

       This article describes the preparation and analysis of nano hydroxyapatite (HA) films on stainless steel 316L through sol-gel technique. The process started with preparation of a nitrate and phosphate sol. After aging the sol for 24 h at room temperature a SS316 substrate was dip-coated and heat-treated at 350 to 450 °C for different times in air. The coating phase and structure on subs...

the mechanical properties and microstructural developments of 321 stainless steel during thermomechanicalprocess were investigated. the repetitive cold rolling and subsequent annealing wereconducted to achieve nanocrystalline structure in an aisi 321 stainless steel. heavily cold rolling at−20°c was conducted to form martensite in metastable austenitic steel. the process was followed byannealin...

steel 2205 is one of the most famous duplex stainless steels. the microstructure of this steel composed of ferrite and austenite in similar amount. therefore, in order to improve mechanical properties through microstructure, thermo mechanical processes such as controlled hot rolling and forging should be applied. it is not possible to employ the usual heat treatment. it shows the importance of ...

The temperature field due to heating fromahigh-powered direct diode laser is calculated first by using an experiment-based finite element model. The Monte Carlo method is applied, which uses the calculated temperature history as thermal loading to obtain the grain growth in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of dual phase steel DP980. The martensite decomposition in the heat treatment is considered t...

Due to the recent droughts, the retube of Sezela evaporators was delayed for a few years, resulting in a need for a low cost carbon steel tube to retube five evaporators. A recent failure highlighted the importance of the heat treatment and expansion characteristics of these tubes. This paper discusses the failure of a carbon steel tube, the development of the heat treatment of locally manufact...

Background: Heat stress in the steel industry is considered as a serious threat to the health and safety of workers. A wide spectrum of complications and diseases from mild disorders such as burning sensation to fatal conditions such as thermal shock may occur due to uncontrolled thermal stress. In this study, heat stress assessment was performed according to the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBG...