This paper examines the hypothesis that there is a single economic market for the international steam coal industry and investigates the degree of steam coal market integration over time. The long-run relations between international steam coal prices are tested through cointegration analysis and the Kalman Filter analysis is employed to examine the convergence path of the price series. A regres...

One of the actual problems of safe and reliable operation of NPP units with pressurized reactors is the development of tube plugging criterion for steam generator tubing. The basis for plugging criterion development is associated with existence of flaws with critical sizes at steam generator tubes. For effective application of this criterion the conditions of flaw instability should be analyzed...

Poor control of the nuclear steam generator (SG) water level of pressurized Water Reactor can lead to frequent reactor shutdowns. In addition, the steam generator is a highly complex, nonlinear and time-varying system and its parameters vary with operating conditions. The dynamics of a nuclear steam generator is very different according to the power levels and changes as time goes on. Therefore...

Medicinal plante Borazambol with the scientific name of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north Iran. It is for a long time that indigenous people by different methods in traditional medicine use its products in preventing and curing diseases. In this research, essential oils of Perovs...

In this study, a new technical process for hardening wood fiber insulation boards is introduced. During the dry-process, the fibers are usually glued with polymeric-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate (pMDI) and hardened to wood fiber insulation boards using a steam-air mixture. However, the maximum temperature reached in the steam-air process was 100 °C, and it was impossible to use an alternative bi...

Optimal operation of site utility systems is becoming an increasingly important part of any successful business strategy as environmental, legislative and commercial pressures grow. A reliable steam model allows a clear understanding of the system and of any operational constraints. It can also be used to determine the true cost of improvement projects, relating any changes in steam demand back...

Six potentially important wood adhesives for gluing southern pine and white oak flakeboards were evaluated for their perfonnances in steam-injection pressing and conventional platen pressing. Of the six resins tested, polyisocyanate resin perfonned well in both steam injection and conventional platen pressings. Phenol-fonnaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea-fonnaldehyde (MUF) resins perfonned poorl...

The present work aims to demonstrate an innovative way of application of modern data analysis tools for structural power plant materials, such as 9%Cr-steels. The purpose is the optimized prediction of the material behaviour considering the stress/time to rupture data and the determination of position of the specific melt in the scatter band for the given steel. This data is needed for an effec...

Steam Turbines are devices used to convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, which may be used to produce Electrical Energy. Steam turbine generator units are being used extensively all over the world for generation of electric power and for co-generation of steam and power. Contact pressure and pretension in bolts-analysis has been made easier in recent years due to the availabil...

After a presentation of the functionality of steam turbines of thermal power plants, we present the method of enthalpy difference used for the calculation of the steam turbine efficiency. This is why we present a stratification survey by circuit, by equipment and by organ. The objective is to determine the possible reasons for the deterioration of the heat rate of a thermal power plant at the l...