Natural dry steam zones (vapour only) are relatively rare; most geothermal systems contain both liquid and vapour and typically follow a boiling point-depth (BPD) relationship. The Nanga Parbat uplift-driven conductive thermal anomaly results in a geothermal system which follows a BPD relationship at shallow levels, but below about 3 km fluid inclusions show that the hydrothermal fluid is dry s...

0021-9517/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. A doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2011.06.016 ⇑ Corresponding authors. Fax: +1 513 556 3473. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (P. Bool [email protected] (P.G. Smirniotis). High temperature water gas shift reaction (WGS) at low steam to CO ratios has been investigated over Fe2.4Ce0.3M0.3O4 (M = Cr, Co, Zr, Hf, and Mo) type of spinels in the temperature region of ...

A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) benchmark calculation for a steam blowdown test was performed for 30 seconds to develop the methodology for a numerical analysis of the thermal mixing between steam and subcooled water and to apply it to APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400MWe). In the CFD analysis, the steam condensation phenomenon by a direct contact was simulated by the so-called condensa...

Properties of heat-treated wood have been studied extensively in recent years. However, study on wood that has been treated in pressurized steam is limited, as most wood heat treatments are carried out in atmospheric steam. The main purpose of this study was to explore the influence of steam pressure on chemical changes of heat-treated wood. Wet chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and FTIR a...

This paper presents a study on use of alkali activated bottom ash (BA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) blend in paver blocks. A preliminary effort on alkali-activated bottom ash, blast furnace slag based geopolymer (BA-GGBS-GP) mortar with river sand was carried out to identify the suitable mix for paver block. Several mixes were proposed based on the combination of BA-GGBS. The...

The reaction kinetics of gasification are important for the design of gasifiers using biomass feedstocks, such as lignin, produced in biorefinery processes. Condensed and uncondensed lignin samples used in the present study were prepared using the SEW (SO2-ethanolwater) fractionation process applied to spruce wood chips: the dissolved lignin is precipitated during the recovery of SO2 and ethano...

In an investigation of the mechanism responsible for the transport of water through Si02 thin films, we have performed tracer diffusion measurements involving network 0 demonstrating the importance of oxygen exchange between the Si02 network and molecularly dissolved water. We have found that in the presence of water, bound network oxygen diffuses through Si02 as a constituent of molecularly di...

The use of concentrated solar thermal energy for the production of electricity has been achieved commercially with the generation of steam in trough or tower concentrating systems. More recently, solar power stations such as the AndaSol 1 have also included 1,010 MW·h of heat storage, enough to run the turbine for about 7.5 hours at full-load. The thermal storage in the AnderSol 1 solar power s...

the composition of the essential oils of teucrium chamaedrys l. belongs to the family lamiaceae, it is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north iran. in this research, essential oils of teucrium chamaedrys l., extracted and measured at the different location by different methods of distillationand then were analyzed by gc and gc/ms. investigation and com...

Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were successfully prepared from softwood lignin, which was isolated with polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) as a solvolysis reagent, by water steam activation. The pore characterization and adsorption property of ACFs were investigated. The results showed that all the ACFs with more micropores exhibited high specific surface area and total pore volume which increas...