Jakeman et al. recently reported the inability to distinguish the diastereomers of uridine 5'-β,γ-fluoromethylenetriphosphate (β,γ-CHF-UTP, 1) by (19)F NMR under conditions we previously prescribed for the resolution of the corresponding β,γ-CHF-dGTP spectra, stating further that 1 decomposed under these basic conditions. Here we show that the (19)F NMR spectra of 1 (~1:1 diastereomer mixture p...

In this paper, we investigate the use of reciprocative strategy to induce cooperative behavior in non-zero-sum games. Reciprocative behavior is defined mathematically in the context of a two-person non-zero-sum game in which both the players have a common set of pure strategies. Conditions under which mutual cooperative behavior results when one of the players responds optimally to reciprocativ...

We show that for logics that capture DSPACE(log n) over ordered structures, and for recursive probability distributions on the class of nite models of the signature, the 0{1 law and the convergence law hold if and only if certain boundedness conditions are satissed. As one of the applications , we consider the conjecture of Kolaitis and Vardi, stating that for arbitrary probability distribution...

We consider the time optimal control problem, with a point target, for a class of infinite dimensional systems with a dynamics governed by an abstract Schrödinger type equation. The main results establish a Pontryagyn type maximum principle and give sufficient conditions for the bangbang property of optimal controls. The results are then applied to some systems governed by partial differential ...

A Hamiltonian cycle is a spanning cycle in a graph, i.e., a cycle through every vertex, and a Hamiltonian path is a spanning path. In this paper we present two theorems stating sufficient conditions for a graph to possess Hamiltonian cycles and Hamiltonian paths. The significance of the theorems is discussed, and it is shown that the famous Ore’s theorem directly follows from our result.  2004...

Programming laws are a means of stating properties of programming constructs and resoning about programs. Also, they can be viewed as a program transformation tool, being useful to restructure object-oriented programs. Usually the application of a programming law is only allowed under the satisfaction of side-conditions. In this work, we present how the conditions associated to object-oriented ...

We apply a phase field approach for a general shape optimization problem of a stationary Navier-Stokes flow. To be precise we add a multiple of the Ginzburg–Landau energy as a regularization to the objective functional and relax the non-permeability of the medium outside the fluid region. The resulting diffuse interface problem can be shown to be well-posed and optimality conditions are derived...