no on-site sanitation system treats both urine and faecal matter in one process. a laboratory scale biological filter was fed with high concentration of urea (4 g n/l) and 17.1 g cod/l to determine if it will be possible to treat liquid that leach from a ventilated improved pit latrine. the hlr in the proposed biological filter system was calculated to be ca 36 l/m2/d, significantly lower than ...

An enhanced and optimized adaptive filter with optimal filter coefficients selection is proposed and implemented to resolve motion artifact issue in wearable ECG Recording. A two-electrode small size chest belt ECG system mounted with 3-axis accelerometer is implemented for ECG and activity ubiquitous recording in daily life. In ubiquitous ECG recording, ECG signal is often distorted due to dif...

Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state-variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. This...

Recently, particle filters have attracted attentions for nonlinear state estimation. In this approaches, a posterior probability distribution of the state variable is evaluated based on observations in simulation using so-called importance sampling. We proposed a new filter, Evolution Strategies based particle (ESP) filter to circumvent degeneracy phenomena in the importance weights, which dete...

In this paper, Particle Filter algorithm has been employed for estimating the states namely concentration and temperature of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) and simulation results are presented. The propagation of particles through the nonlinear system model for the state estimation has been discussed. The states of the system are estimated by using the Particle Filter algorithm under ...

In this work, a novel nonlinear filter, called tri-state median (TSM) filter, is proposed for preserving image details while effectively suppressing impulse noise. We incorporate the standard median (SM) filter and the center weighted median (CWM) filter into a noise detection framework to determine whether a pixel is corrupted, before applying filtering unconditionally. Extensive simulation re...

Segmenting the acoustic signal in the TIMIT database by a switching state Kalman filter model is reported in this paper. According to the assumption that the high dimensional acoustic feature vector of the LSF (Line Spectrum Frequency) of the speech signal is probably embedded in a low dimensional space, a two dimensional vector is used to represent the continuous state vector in this model. Th...

This paper presents a new recursive filter to joint input and state estimation for noisy discrete time Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models. For each local linear model one local filter is designed using Kalman filter theory. Steady state and unknown input solutions can be found for each of the local filters. The global filter is a linear combination of linear filters. The local filter is time inva...

A receding horizon Kalman FIR filter is presented that combines the Kalman filter and the receding horizon strategy when the horizon initial state is assumed to be unknown. The suggested filter is an FIR filter form which has many good inherent properties. It can always be defined irrespective of singularity problems caused by unknown information about the horizon initial state. The suggested f...