This paper is concerned with the origins of one of the most basic of property rights, namely, the right of an individual or an organization to the fruits of its labour. I study a model of the strategic interaction amongst three players in the state-of-nature, which is an environment characterized by the absence of any laws and institutions (including property rights and the state). The focus of...

Through its monopoly on violence, the State tends to pacify social relations. Such pacification proceeded slowly in Western Europe between the 5th and 11th centuries, being hindered by the rudimentary nature of law enforcement, the belief in a man's right to settle personal disputes as he saw fit, and the Church's opposition to the death penalty. These hindrances began to dissolve in the 11th c...

It is very unlikely to hit at high temperatures the state which is believed to be the starting point of DCC formation in the quenched approximation. The chiral symmetry is rather restored by large amplitude Goldstone modes, where energy is stored in the change of the chiral angle in space (domain to domain) and time. Such iso-p-wave states carry more entropy. In this paper we attempt to treat t...

model, then there should not exist a policy that leads from s′ to s in the original