education. today, a qualitative movement toward efficient trainings ineducational systems is necessary, since one of the important factors in the development and progress of any society is necessarily resources, manpower and their education.considering education as a basic system in growing human resources, the present article tries to address this matter, due to the fact that we are in a situ...

Situation calculus has been applied widely in artificial intelligence to model and reason about actions and changes in dynamic systems. Since actions carried out by agents will cause constant changes of the agents’ beliefs, how to manage these changes is a very important issue. Shapiro et al. [22] is one of the studies that considered this issue. However, in this framework, the problem of noisy...

This paper presents a logical approach to formalization of some aspects of multi-agent systems in an incompletely known world. The contribution on this regard is as follows. We formalized reasoning about concurrent actions inside the situation calculus framework which has the suuciently clear and well-understood semantics to express diierent aspects of agent theory. Conclusions can be drawn by ...

We propose a simple relaxation of Reiter’s basic action theories, based on fluents without successor state axioms, that accommodates incompleteness beyond the initial database. We prove that fundamental results about basic action theories can be fully recovered and that the generalized framework allows for natural specifications of various forms of incomplete causal laws. We illustrate this by ...

Obligation change raises the “frame problem” which is to characterise what obligations remain unchanged after an action has been performed. Many general solutions have been proposed but even if they are attractive from a thoretical point of view they have practical draw-

This paper examines the semantics of a group of logical techniques, used by the Artificial Intelligence community, and which are fundamental for circumscriptionbased approaches to the situation calculus. At first sight, this calculus appears to be an operationalised version of David Lewis’ account of causal reasoning: there are items – here called ‘situations’ – which are analogous to Lewis’ po...