The relative elastic energy partitioning during Strombolian eruptions can be estimated from acoustic pressure and seismic velocity records. We outline methods for determining acoustic and seismic energies for sensors deployed within several kilometers of erupting vents. We use these energies to introduce the concept of the volcano acoustic–seismic ratio (g, or VASR), which is the ratio of elast...

Based on detailed 2D and 3D numerical radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations of time-dependent compressible convection, we have studied the dynamics and thermal structure of the convective surface layers of a prototypical late-type M-dwarf (Teff ≈ 2800K, log g = 5.0, solar chemical composition). The RHD models predict stellar granulation qualitatively similar to the familiar solar pattern. Q...

Optical turbulence within earth’s atmosphere plays a significant role in electromagnetic radiation propagation from a high energy laser. The index of refraction structure constant, Cn2, characterizes turbulent spatial fluctuations due to temperature gradients. These changes in the index of refraction affect the intensity of the laser wave front on its intended target. It is important to charact...

the quality of pressure distribution over the atmosphere of the sea level and geopotential altitude at different atmosphere layers affect on many climate and meteorology phenomena of the earth surface. one of the important meteorology phenomenon is the occurrence of frost phenomenon especially late spring frost. in this surrey, occurring late spring frost days and minimum temperature during the...

In this research, the high-energy planetary mill was employed to produce nanocrystalline Ti-50Al(γ)(at%) powders. Initial powders were mechanically alloyed in 99.9999% and 90% purities of Argon and also Air atmosphere with alloying times up to 50h. The effect of impurity of Argon atmosphere on the microstructure and the rate of phase transformation of Ti-50Al were investigated during mechanical...

Background: Nowadays, several factors are involved in the way organizations operate; therefore, identifying and using these factors plays a crucial role in the survival of organizations. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of reputational capital and ethical atmosphere of the organization on the relationship between organizational DNA and organizational performance. Metho...

Banks advance loans in the absence of precise knowledge in relation to the outcome of borrowers’ projects. Consequently, uncertainty in relation to loan repayment emerges. Thus, banks introduce the ‘credit standard’ as insurance against loans, so that should borrowers’ projects fail, borrowers have an alternative means of honouring their debt obligations. It is argued in this paper that in the ...

The problem of disk accretion onto the surface of a neutron star with a weak magnetic field at a luminosity exceeding several percent of the Eddington one is reduced to the problem of the braking of a hypersonic flow with a velocity that is 0.4–0.5 of the speed of light above the base of the spreading layer—a dense atmosphere made up of previously fallen matter. We show that turbulent braking i...