Numerical simulation of threedimensional groundwater flow near lakes shows that the continuity of the boundary encompassing the local groundwater flow system associated with a lake is the key to understanding the interaction of a lake with the groundwater system. The continuity of the boundary can be determined by the presence of a stagnation zone coinciding with the side of the lake nearest th...

In hot and dry climates, evaporative cooling of the air by water spray can be applied in several requirements, such as condensers which airflow is precooled before it reaches condenser. The interaction between droplets a complicated two-phase flow that affected parameters. Here, an Eulerian-Lagrangian 3D model was developed to investigate influence important parameters on performance rectangula...