The dominant pattern of tropical and subtropical North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies simulated in the GFDL coupled ocean-atmosphere model is identified and compared to observations. The spatial pattern and temporal variability of that pattern resemble observational results. On interannual time scales it is shown that anomalous surface heat fluxes, consistent with variations i...

Short term forecasts of meteorological parameters (including precipitation) over the oceans is often difficult because of the lack of observations used to initialize the forecast models in these regions. While sea surface temperature (SST) fields derived from satellite and in situ data currently provided to the models provide some large scale information on surface forcing, the small scale grad...

In this study, we used the National Centers for Environmental Prediction monthly sea surface temperature (SST) and surface air temperature (SAT) data during 1982–1994 and the National Center for Atmospheric Research surface wind stress curl data during 1982–1989 to investigate the Japan Sea SST temporal and spatial variabilities and their relations to atmospheric forcing. First, we found an asy...

[1] Long-standing simulation errors limit the utility of climate models. Overlooked are tropical-wide errors, with sea surface temperature (SST) biasing high or low across all the tropical ocean basins. Our analysis based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) multi-model ensembles shows that such SST biases can be classified into two types: one with a broad meridional structure and of...

The vertical advection of anomalous subsurface temperature by the mean upwelling and the zonal advection of mean sea surface temperature (SST) by anomalous current are known to be essential for the equatorial SST anomaly associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). In the coupled model, these two processes are referred to as the thermocline feedback and the zonal advective feedback,...

Holocene climate variability is investigated in the North Pacific and North Atlantic realms, using alkenone-derived sea-surface temperature (SST) records as well as a millennial scale simulation with a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model (AOGCM). The alkenone SST data indicate a temperature increase over almost the entire North Pacific from 7 cal kyr BP to the present. A dipole p...

The causes of the high pressure ridge at the North American west coast during winter 2013/14, the driest winter of the recent California drought, are examined. The ridge was part of an atmosphere–ocean state that included anomalies, defined relative to a 1979–2014 mean, of circulation across the Northern Hemisphere, warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical western and northeastern P...

8 Abstract One-third of the world’s coral reefs have dis9 appeared over the last 30 years, and a further third is under 10 threat today from various stress factors. The main global 11 stress factors on coral reefs have been identified as changes 12 in sea surface temperature (SST) and changes in surface 13 seawater aragonite saturation (Xarag). Here, we use a cli14 mate model of intermediate co...

[Purpose] This study investigated the intra-rater, inter-rater and test-retest reliability of the sideways step test (SST), its correlation with other indicators of stroke-specific impairment, and the cut-off count best discriminating subjects with stroke from their healthy counterparts. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-three subjects with chronic stroke and 41 healthy subjects older than 50 years ...