In the mammalian retina, extensive processing of spatiotemporal and chromatic information occurs. One key principle in signal transfer through the retina is parallel processing. Two of these parallel pathways are the ON- and OFF-channels transmitting light and dark signals. This dual system is created in the outer plexiform layer, the first relay station in retinal signal transfer. Photorecepto...

A master element to be employed as a general spatial rod finite element is presented. This spatially curved and pretwisted element can have variable cross-section and variable curvature change. It may also be resting on an elastic foundation. Also, a finite element formulation for a general earthquake analysis of spatial rods is presented. The theoretical foundation has lead to a general-purpos...

Abstract Recently, aluminium alloys are extensively used in the construction sector because of their small self-weight, good corrosion resistance, low maintenance, high recyclability, and aesthetic appearance. However, one main disadvantages these is Young’s modulus, which may cause a stability issue structural members. Moreover, currently available design standards for predicting buckling resi...

The work is devoted to the process of heat exchange a nuclear reactor. Attention was paid improving reliability fuel rods At same time, two cases cross section rod shell were considered: cylindrical and elliptical. Based on application differentiation method, it shown that level thermal stresses arising during transition from circular cross-section an elliptical one decreases. Which confirms ch...