Objectives: The current study tested differences in depression, anxiety, and stress among Iranian wives with and without a history of spousal abuse. Methods: The physically abused wives (N = 40) were among those who had been referred to a local forensic medical center. The control group (N = 40) comprised married women living in the same area of the city as the experimental group. The Persian f...

We aimed to analyze the internal consistency and construct validity of the Spanish version of the Index of Spouse Abuse (ISA) in a representative sample of 8,995 women attending general practice in Spain in 2006-2007. The factor structure analysis shows that the ISA measures four intimate partner violence (IPV) dimensions: emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and controlling behavior. Cronbac...

The transitional compensation (TC) program of the U.S. Army provides financial and other benefits to the families of service members discharged for child or spouse maltreatment. We analyzed the TC records of the 347 offenders, 337 spouses (160 victims and 177 nonvictims) who were applicants for benefits, and 820 children (244 victims and 576 nonvictims). One hundred fifty-two spouses were physi...

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of routine antenatal HIV testing for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in urban Zimbabwe. METHODS Community counsellors were trained in routine HIV testing policy using a specific training module from June 2005 through November 2005. Key outcomes during the first 6 months of routine testing were compared with the prior 6-month "opt-in" perio...

There are two main types of models of behavioral change. What are collectively referred to as “individual models” are the predominant frameworks for studying risk behaviors including those related to HIV/AIDS. Individual models focus on risk perceptions, attitudes, outcome expectations, perceived norms, and self-efficacy. Models of risk behavior that focus on social or community factors have mo...

In spite of an influx of Western propaganda concerning the superiority of marriages based on love, a 1994 opinion poll of 1715 adults in 5 urban centers in India found that 74% of men and women believe arranged marriages are more likely to succeed. Self-arranged marriages without the consent or participation of parents are rejected by most Indians due to the isolation from family support that ...

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BACKGROUND Little is known about the impact of life-threatening obstetric complications ('near miss') on women's mental health in low- and middle-income countries. AIMS To examine the relationships between near miss and postpartum psychological distress in the Republic of Benin. METHOD One-year prospective cohort using epidemiological and ethnographic techniques in a population of women del...

Depression and marital discord are related to feeling criticized by others, especially by spouses (e.g., Hooley, J. M., & Teasdale, J. D. 1989). This study evaluated the extent to which criticism was overperceived in relation to "actual" spousal critical comments, with actual critical comments being established by independent observers and by criticizing spouses themselves. Using dyadic interac...

This study examined spouse abuse from the ecological perspective using the data from a national sample of 20,951 couples that took the ENRICH couple inventory. ENRICH assessed three ecological areas –contextual and socio-cultural factors; individual traits and behaviors; and couple interaction processes. Using the ENRICH couple typology, devitalized couples had the highest level of abuse while ...