This study was to use differential item functioning (DIF) analysis to examine if there were items in the Mental, Emotional, and Bodily Toughness Inventory (MeBTough) functioning differently across gender and athletic membership. A total of 444 male (56.3%) and female (43.7%) participants (30.9% athletes and 69.1% non-athletes) responded to the MeBTough items. Using Mantel-Haenszel and SIBTEST m...

Coaches are key stakeholders involved in creating a climate which athletes’ mental toughness (MT) can be developed. Although Master Strength and Conditioning (MSCC) spend substantial amount of time working with US collegiate athletes, no studies have investigated this elite group professionals’ opinions about MT. Using multiphase mixed-method design (Phase 1, N = 71; Phase 2, 28), study explore...

Background: A systematic and comprehensive mental training program to enhance athletes’ toughness is critical. The aim of this study was develop validate a set programs. Methods: developed, the validity reliability were tested on experts, practitioners, athletes. Training analyzed using content index (I-CVI S-CVI) modified Kappa (<...

Studying the sustainable employability of emergency nurses is important, given precarious environment in which they work. This study used a cross-sectional survey 204 nursing professionals to investigate their South African context from perspectives work, mental toughness, capabilities, and health. The Precarity Position Profile, Mental Toughness Questionnaire-Short Form, Capability Set for Wor...

Mental toughness describes a set of positive psychological resources that predict range outcomes, including wellbeing. It has been conceptualized as state, but research not yet examined the impact or adverse childhood experiences on its development. Such are known to be important for wellbeing and mental health. The current study aimed examine relationships between later toughness, whether medi...

The relationship between employee psychological resilience and job performance has been one of the key concerns scholars entrepreneurs. outbreak Covid-19 affected toughness within frontline employees. However, existing research focused on connection mental among healthcare workers not extended to capital dimensions employees in manufacturing firms at a specific time. In this paper, data will be...