The recently emerged chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) causes European salamander declines. Proper hygiene protocols including disinfection procedures are crucial to prevent disease transmission. Here, the efficacy of chemical disinfectants in killing Bsal was evaluated. At all tested conditions, Biocidal®, Chloramine-T®, Dettol medical®, Disolol®, ethanol, F10®, Hibiscrub...

Late Devonian Minostrobus chaohuensis is one of the earliest monosporangiate-strobilate isoetaleans. Based on new material of this plant, the vegetative axis and microsporangiate strobilus are studied in detail, and the whole plant knowledge is summarized. The vegetative axis is isotomously branched. The stem is up to 55 mm in diameter with helically arranged leaf cushions. Stems and thick bran...

Isolate 4NS15 T was isolated from a neglected arid habitat in Kerman, Iran. The strain showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.9 % to the type strains Kibdelosporangium aridum subsp. , phytohabitans and philippinense 98.6 K. largum respectively. Genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolate is closely related DSM 43828 . digital DNA–DNA hybridization value between genom...

Native endophytic actinomycetes isolated from pearl millet roots were examined for their efficacy to protect pearl millet against downy mildew. Nineteen of 39 isolates were found to be proteolytic, of which 7 strains could directly suppress the sporangium formation of Sclerospora graminicola, the pearl millet downy mildew pathogen. Thus, mycelial suspensions containing either spores or cell-fre...

A detailed study was done to understand the effect of phytohormones on morphology and growth performances of green filamentous algal taxa viz. Pithophora mooreana, P. cleveana, P. roettleri, Cladophora glomerata, Spirogyra orientalis, Oedogonium hindustanense, O. mexicanum, O. lemmermannii, O. rufescens f. minuta and Trentepohlia torulosa in vitro. Different proportion of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy a...

Equisetum plants (horsetails) reproduce by producing tiny spherical spores that are typically 50 µm in diameter. The spores have four elaters, which are flexible ribbon-like appendages that are initially wrapped around the main spore body and that deploy upon drying or fold back in humid air. If elaters are believed to help dispersal, the exact mechanism for spore motion remains unclear in the ...

Knowledge of the sequence of morphogenetic changes in the development of sporangia and spores in the watermolds was first arrived at by traditional -and sometimes rather imprecise -cytological methodology (Chapter 12) or by simple observational means (Chapters 7, 8). In either case, the resulting information was limited in scope, but it is now possible by analyzing elements of the subcellular s...

Filamentous fungi were detected in the blood culture of a one-year-old boy after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The patient was suspected to have aspergillosis and received micafungin. Fungi were isolated on potato dextrose agar medium and incubated at 37℃ for 2-5 days. Grayish, cottony colonies formed. A slide culture showed a spherical sporangium at the tips of the spo...

abstract downy mildew of cucurbits is one of the most important diseases of cucumber in humid areas and greenhouses. damage of disease is estimated 50% to 100% in suitable climatic conditions. therefore, achieving resistant or tolerant genotypes can be designed as the most important and safe method to reduce the damage and increase the benefits of cucumber farming. in order to evaluate the resi...

The in vitro growth of the spherule (sporangium) phase of Coccidioides immitis has posed a problem of prime interest in the study of the disease coccidioidomycosis. The fungus is dimorphic in that it has a cultural, or saprophytic, phase in which growth consists of mycelium and arthrospores, and a tissue or parasitic phase consisting of thick-walled nonbudding spherules (sporangia) varying in s...