A better understanding of how aerosols form in the atmosphere could greatly improve climate models. A tmospheric aerosols—microscopic particles suspended in Earth's atmo-sphere—are a major environmental problem. They degrade visibility, negatively affect human health, and directly and indirectly influence climate by absorbing and refl ecting solar radiation and modifying cloud formation. Resear...

Reinforcements in metal composites are usually dispersed at grain boundaries. We here show that the rapid solidification during laser additive manufacturing enables spontaneous engulfment of reinforcing particles inside aluminum grains, which helps to decouple stress concentration induced by boundaries and reinforcements. The additively manufactured TiB2-Al composite possesses 30% increase tens...

Volcanic eruptions are driven by bubbles that form when volatile species exsolve from magma. The conditions under which depend mainly on magma composition, concentration, presence of crystals, and decompression rate. These all predicated the mechanism volatiles melt to bubbles. We critically review known or inferred mechanisms bubble formation in magmas: homogeneous nucleation, heterogeneous nu...

A new method for deriving the size of the critical nucleus and the Zeldovich factor directly from kinetic data is presented. Moreover, in principle, the form of G(n), the free energy of formation of nuclei consisting of n molecules, can be inferred. The method involves measuring times of first appearance of nuclei of size n in the transient regime and applying the Becker-Doring theory. Times of...

spontaneous coronary artery dissection is a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome and sudden cardiac death. we report coronary artery dissection in a 36-year-old woman with retrosternal chest pain 2 weeks after abortion. electrocardiography showed st elevation in leads v2-v4 and st depression in the inferior leads. lab data were normal. cardiac catheterization showed a suspicious thrombotic les...

We investigated the mechanism by which meiotic spindles become bipolar and the correlation between bipolarity and poleward flux, using Xenopus egg extracts. By speckle microscopy and computational alignment, we find that monopolar sperm asters do not show evidence for flux, partially contradicting previous work. We account for the discrepancy by describing spontaneous bipolarization of sperm as...