background: an effective polymer gel dosimeter can be fabricated by varying the composition of its chemical components. materials and methods: the magat gel dosimeter formulations that used different compositions of methacrylic acid (maa) and gelatin were extensively investigated in the present study according to the r2–dose response and r2–dose sensitivity. the irradiation of magat gel was per...

We consider the Super Yang–Mills/spin system map to construct the SU(2) spin bit model at the level of two loops in Yang–Mills perturbation theory. The model describes a spin system with chaining interaction. In the large N limit the model is shown to be reduced to the two loop planar integrable spin chain.

Spine is an experimental veri cation system based on Promela/Spin version 1.5.7. Spin is a general veri cation tool for proving correctness properties of concurrent/distributed systems speci ed in the CSP-like modeling language Promela [8, 9]. This extended abstract describing the Spine system and its foundations assumes familiarity with Promela/Spin. The Spine system extends Spin with `limited...

We report on the experimental simulation of spin squeezing using a liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum information processor. This was done by identifying the energy levels within the symmetric subspace of a system of n spin-1/2 nuclei with the energy levels of the simulated spin-(n/2) system. The results obtained for our simulations of spin-1 and spin-3/2 systems are consiste...

The double fractional quantum Hall system of spin 1/2 electrons is numerically studied to predict that there exists a novel spin-unpolarized quantum liquid specific to the multi-species system, which exemplifies a link between the spin state and the inter-layer electron correlation. Even when the ground state is spin-polarized, the lowest charge-excitation mode involves the spin when the interl...